Make It Stick Flashcards
Describe two questions that will engage the learning in reflection.
What did I do?
How did it work?
What are two questions that will engage students in generation.
How could I do it better next time?
What might be a question on the next quiz?
What are the 6 strategies given as “Learning Tips for Students”?
Retrieval Practice Spaced Practice Interleaving Elaboration Generation Reflection [Round sensible iguana exited graduation right.]
What was John McPhee’s strategy for generation.
Write a letter your mother whining and complaining about how miserable he feels, his hopes and dreams for the subject, how he has no idea how to get there. He would like to put across the sheer size of the bear, how utterly lazy it is… Then go back an delete the “Dear Mother” and all the whining.
Tips for Teachers
1) Explain to students how learning works.
2) Teach students how to study.
3) Create desirable difficulties in the classroom.
4) Be transparent.
How Learning Works: What are the fundamental ideas students need?
Malleable and Effortful Desirable Difficulties Growth Mindset You First Striving
Desirable Difficulties:
Some kinds of difficulties during learning help to make
the learning stronger and better remembered.
No Pain, No Gain:
When learning is easy, it is often superficial and soon
forgotten.
Growth Mindset:
Not all of our intellectual abilities are hardwired. In fact, when learning is effortful, it changes the brain, making new connections and increasing intellectual ability.
You first:
You learn better when you wrestle with new problems before being shown the solution, rather than the other way around.
Striving:
To achieve excellence in any sphere, you must strive to surpass your current level of ability.
Striving, by its nature, often results in setbacks, and
setbacks are often what provide the essential information needed to adjust strategies to achieve mastery.
What are “high structure” and “low structure” classes?
“low- structure” classes: traditional
lecturing and high- stakes midterm and final exams.
“high- structure” classes:
daily and weekly low-stakes exercises to provide constant practice in the analytical skills necessary to do well on exams.
What is a metaphor for how memory works?
Brains are like a forest
I tell them our brains are like a forest, and your memory is in there somewhere. You’re here, and the memory is over there. The more times you make a path to that memory, the better the path is, so that the next time you need the memory, it’s going to be easier to find it.
Complete the following: “Learning is deeper and more effective when it is ___________”
Effortful (p.3)
T/F: When learning feels like it is going slowly, you should change to a different strategy.
False. “We are poor judges of when we are learning well and when we’re not. When the going is harder and slower and it doesn’t
feel productive, we are drawn to strategies that feel more
fruitful, unaware that the gains from these strategies are often
temporary.” (p. 3)
T/F: Rereading your notes is an effective form of study.
False. “Rereading text and massed practice of a skill or new knowl-
edge are by far the preferred study strategies of learners of all
stripes, but they’re also among the least productive.” (p.3)
Complete: Flashcards are an example of ____________ __________.
Retrieval practice.
“Retrieval
strengthens the memory and interrupts forgetting. A single,
simple quiz after reading a text or hearing a lecture produces
better learning and remembering than rereading the text or
reviewing lecture notes.” P.3
What does the term “spaced practice” mean?
Spaced practice refers to letting some time come between studying a topic or skill. You want to get a little rusty between sessions. This makes retrieving the memory more difficult, but still possible. This difficulty strengthens the pathways to the memory.
T/F: Trying to solve a problem before being taught how to solve it leads to unnecessary frustration. A teachers job is to teach.
False. “Trying to solve a problem before being taught the solution
leads to better learning, even when errors are made in the
attempt.” P.4
It is true that a teachers job is to teach, but exactly what it is that teacher needs to do in order to accomplish the teaching is complex. One idea is that a teachers job is to encourage and enable students to think hard about what is to be learned.
What is meant by the term “interleaving”?
Interleaving refers to the idea of mixing up the practice. An example would be to solve different types of problems. Like solving equations, then graphing lines, then maybe using the Pythagorean theorem.
Interleaving supports the need for classifying problems and looking for structure, short-cuts, and general rules. Thus helping develop a scheme, or “app”, for the different topics. For example, an app for linear relationships. When an expert knows to look for, and can recognize, clues in a situation which triggers the use of the linear relationship “app”.
