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JTED: Social & Mental Health Tech > Major Theory/Theorist > Flashcards

Major Theory/Theorist Flashcards

1
Q

Theory

A

Fact-based ideas that describe a phenomenon of human behavior; Based on a hypothesis and backed by evidence

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2
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the human mind and behavior

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3
Q

Development

A

The progressive series of changes in structure, function, and behavior patterns that occur over the lifespan of a human being

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4
Q

Virtue

A

Admirable character trait

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5
Q

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

A
  • Considered the father of psychoanalysis
  • Greatly influenced the understanding of the unconscious mind and its role in shaping behavior
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6
Q

Sigmund Freud’s theory + key concepts

A

Psychoanalytic theory - Unconscious mind, Psychosexual development, Defense mechanisms

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7
Q

Freud’s Iceberg theory

A

Conscious mind - responsible for Thoughts/Perceptions
Preconscious mind - responsible for Memory Storage/Knowledge
Unconscious mind - responsible for Instincts/Fear/Selfish Motives

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8
Q

Albert Bandura (1925-2021)

A
  • Emphasized the importance of social factors in learning and behavior
  • Challenged behaviorism by introducing cognitive elements
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9
Q

Albert Bandura’s theory + key concepts

A

Social learning theory - Observational learning, modeling, self-efficacy

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10
Q

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

A
  • Focused on the individual’s capacity for personal growth and self-actualization
  • Promoted a more positive and human-centered approach to psychology
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11
Q

Carl Roger’s theory + key concepts

A

?

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12
Q

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

A
  • Emphasized observable behavior and its relationship to consequences
  • Contributed to the behaviorist perspective in psychology
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13
Q

B.F Skinner’s theory + key concepts

A

Behaviorism - Operant conditioning, reinforcement, punishment

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14
Q

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

A
  • Considered the founder of behaviorism
  • Argued that psychology should focus on the study of observable behaviors rather than unobservable mental processes
  • Believed that behaviors could be understood through conditioning and environmental factors
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15
Q

John B. Watson’s theory + key concepts

A

Behaviorism - Observable behavior, stimulus-response associations

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16
Q

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

A
  • Research laid the foundation for the understanding of classical conditioning, demonstrating how behaviors could be learned through associations
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17
Q

Ivan Pavlov’s theory + key concepts

A

Classical conditioning - Conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, conditioned and unconditioned responses

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18
Q

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

A
  • Proposed a hierarchy of human needs
  • Suggested that individuals strive for self-actualization once their basic needs are met
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19
Q

Abraham Maslow’s theory + key concepts

A

Hierarchy of Needs - Self-actualization, Hierarchy of human needs

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20
Q

Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization

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21
Q

Physiological needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs)

A

breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion

22
Q

Safety needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs)

A

security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property

23
Q

Love/belonging needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs)

A

friendship, family, sexual intimacy

24
Q

Esteem Needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)

A

self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

25
Q

Self-actualization needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs)

A

morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

26
Q

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

A
  • Focused on how children actively construct their understanding of the world
  • Influenced the field of developmental psychology
27
Q

Jean Piaget’s theory + key concepts

A

Cognitive Development theory - Stages of cognitive development

28
Q

Stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory

A

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational

29
Q

Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)

A

0-2 years old
- Coordination of senses with motor responses
- Sensory curiosity about the world
- Language used for demands and cataloging
- Object permanence is developed

30
Q

Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

A

2-7 years old
- Symbolic thinking
- Use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts
- Imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thoughts are still difficult
- Conservation is developed

31
Q

Concrete operational stage (Piaget)

A

7-11 years old
- Concepts attached to concrete situations (time, space, and quantity) are understood and can be applied, but not as independent concepts

32
Q

Formal operational stage (Piaget)

A

11 years and older
- Theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking
- Abstract logic and reasoning
- Strategy and planning become possible
- Concepts learned in one context can be applied to another

33
Q

Erik Erikson (1902-1994)

A
  • Expanded on Freud’s theories, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural influences on development throughout the lifespan
34
Q

Erik Erikson’s theory + key concepts

A

Psychosocial Development theory - Eight stages of psychosocial development

35
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Infancy

A

0-1 year old
Basic Conflict: Trust vs. Mistrust
Virtue: Hope

36
Q

Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

A

Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs (nourishment, affection) will be met

37
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Early Childhood

A

1-3 years old
Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Virtue: Will

38
Q

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (Erikson)

A

Develop a sense of independence in many tasks

39
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Play Age

A

3-6 years old
Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
Virtue: Purpose

40
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

A

Take initiative on some activities, may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped

41
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: School Age

A

7-11 years old
Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
Virtue: Competence

42
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

A

Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not

43
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Adolescene

A

12-18 years old
Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Confusion
Virtue: Fidelity

44
Q

Identity vs. Confusion (Erikson)

A

Experiment with and develop identity and roles

45
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Early adulthood

A

19-29 years old
Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Virtue: Love

46
Q

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)

A

Establish intimacy and relationships with others

47
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Middle age

A

30-64 years old
Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Virtue: Care

48
Q

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson)

A

Contribute to society and be part of a family

49
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages: Old age

A

65 years old - death
Basic Conflict: Integrity vs. Despair
Virtue: Wisdom

50
Q

Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)

A

Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions

JTED: Social & Mental Health Tech (2 decks)

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