Major Schools Of Psychology

Question 1

List the Major Schools of Psychology

Answer 1

Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Gestalt Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Systems Psychology
Humanism

Question 2

Psychoanalysis

Answer 2

Key People: Freud, Jung, Adler, Horney
AKA Psychodynamic
1) Behavior is a result of unconscious conflicts, repression, and defense mechanisms
2) Existence of unconscious internal states motivate the overt actions of individuals and determine personality

Question 3

Humanism

Answer 3

Key People: Maslow, Rogers, Lewin, Kelly, Frankl

1) Arose in mid 20th century, opposed the pessimism of psychoanalytic school and robotic concepts of behaviorism
2) Looks at people as wholes, not in terms of stimuli and responses (behaviorism) or instinct (psychoanalysis)
3) Believe in the notion of free will
4) Psychologists should study mentally healthy people, not just mentally ill/maladjusted ones

Question 4

Cognitivism

Answer 4

Key People: Chomsky

1)Behaviorism is not an adequate explanation for human behavior; humans think, believe and are creative

Question 5

Systems Psychology

Answer 5

Key People: Barker, Bateson

1) Human behavior must be considered within the context of complex systems
2) Applications include organizational psychology and family therapy

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

Key People: James, Dewey

1) Stream of consciousness
2) Studies how the mind functions to help people adapt to their environment
3) Attacked structuralism

Question 7

Structuralism

Answer 7

Key People: Titchener

1)Breaks consciousness into elements by using introspection

Question 8

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 8

Key People: Wertheimer, Kohler, Koffka

1) Whole is something other than the sum of its parts
2) Attacked structuralism and behaviorism

Question 9

Behaviorism

Answer 9

Key People: Watson, Skinner, Seligman

1) Psychology as objective study of behavior
2) Attacked mentalism and the use of introspection
3) Attacked structuralism and functionalism