Major Periods

Question 1

Prehistoric Period

Answer 1

• 30,000 B.C. -2500 B.C.
• Old Stone Age; hunting and gathering
• New Stonage; agricultrue
• could paint and sculpt but not write
• themes: hunting, fertility, shamanism

Question 2

Mesopotamian Period

Answer 2

• 3500 BC - 500 BC
• Civilizations included:
  
  • Sumerians (invinted first writing known as cuneiform)
  • Akkadians
  • Assyrians
  • Babylonians
• major themes: war, religious tomb art

Question 3

Egyptian Period

Answer 3

• 3100 BC - 332 BC
• Tomb art, cult of the Dead
• highly symbolic, symetrical, colorful, ridgid, less realistic than Mesopotamia

Question 4

Minoan Period

Answer 4

• 1900 BC - 1350 BC
• focues on sport, religious rituals and daily pleasures
• First art to celebrate daily life

Question 5

The Archaic Period

Answer 5

• 650 BC - 480 BC
• Ancient greek art that imitated Egyptian art

Question 6

The Classical Period

Answer 6

• 480 BC - 400 BC
• moving towards more realistic but idealized work

Question 7

Hellenistic Period

Answer 7

• 323 BC - 30 BC
• First time anger, sorrow, and fear were realistically portrayed

Question 8

Etruscan Period

Answer 8

• 8th Century BC - 4th Century BC
• tomb art - viewed death as a pleasant continuation of life

Question 9

Roman Period

Answer 9

• 300 BC - 476 AD
• influenced heavily by Greek art, even more realistic

Question 10

Byzantine Period

Answer 10

• 500 AD - 1453 AD
• Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of Rome
• christian icons
• less realistic, more symbolic

Question 11

Islamic Period

Answer 11

• 7th Century AD -
• Mohammed condemned graven images, so humans aren’t represesnted
• intricate and colorful patterns influenced by math and geometry

Question 12

Medieval Period

Answer 12

• 500 AD - 1400 AD
• European Christian art created after the fall of Rome
• stained glass, illumanted manuscripts, golden reliquaries, gothic cathedrals

Question 13

High Renaissance

Answer 13

• 1495 - 1520
• Major Artists
  
  • Leonardo da Vinci
  • Michelangelo
  • Raphael
• return to classical models
• worked out the mathematical lawes of perspective

Question 14

Mannerism

Answer 14

• 1530-1580
• elongated human figures, contorted postures, distroted landscapes

Question 15

Baroque Period

Answer 15

• 1600-1750
• art became a propoganda tool during the Counter-Reformation
• more emotionally powerful and dramatic to appeal to the masses

Question 16

Rococo Period

Answer 16

• 1715 -1760s
• Art became more ornamental
• favored by royalty

Question 17

Neoclassicism

Answer 17

• 1765 -1830
• return to greco-roman classiscim
• depicts people of the time period as if Greek Godds and heros
• influence by the Enlightenment as well as the American and French Revolutions

Question 18

Romanticism

Answer 18

• late 1700s - early 1800s
• in reaction to the Industrial Revolution, many artists retreated to nature

Question 19

Realism

Answer 19

• 1840s-1880s
• tried to strip away idealism from the Romantic Period

Question 20

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Answer 20

• 1848 - 1890s
• also in reaction to the industrial revoltion
• revisted romantic mediaval legends

Question 21

Arts and Crafts Movement

Answer 21

• 1850s - 1930s
• Founded by William Morris (a Pre-Raphaelite)
• a return to handmade furniture and decorative arts in reaction to the industiral revolution

Question 22

Impressionism

Answer 22

• 1869 - 1880s
• painted everday life
• focused on subtle changes of atmosphere and light to reflect the fleeting quality of life

Question 23

Post-Impressionism

Answer 23

• 1886 - 1892
• took impressionism in a more experimental direction
• Major artists:
  
  • Vincent van Gogh

Question 24

Fauvism

Answer 24

• 1905 -1908
• Henri Matisse and Andre Derain
• Believed art should be more decorative
• art became more abstract
• flatedned persepctive, simplified form; wallpaper like

Question 25

Expressionism

Answer 25

• 1905 - 1933
• German Abstract Art
• Distorted exteriors of subjects to express the interior

Question 26

Cubism

Answer 26

• 1908 - 1920s
• Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso invented the movement so that people could observe all views and angles of an object

Question 27

Futurism

Answer 27

• 1909 - 1940s
• embraced the machine age and fascism
• Italy and pre-revolution Russia

Question 28

Dada

Answer 28

• 1916 -1920
• reaction to WW I and rational thought
• started in neural Switerzaland and spread across Europe
• anti-art art, mocked mainstream culture

Question 29

Surrealism

Answer 29

• influence by Dada and Freud
• focused on dreams and unconscousness

Question 30

Suprematsim

Answer 30

• 1913 - 1934
• lead by Kazimir Malevich
• strove to disassociate feeling from represpresentational art

Question 31

Constructivism

Answer 31

• 1914 -1934
• Russian modernism, representing the socialist utopia
• art was no longer for art’s sake, had to be practical for all people

Question 32

De Stijl

Answer 32

• 1914-1931
• led by Piet Mondrian, means “the Style” in Dutch
• simplified geometry with only primary colors
• strove for objective beauty (universal and abstract) as opposed to subjective (3d, senses)

Question 33

Abstract Expressionism

Answer 33

• 1946 - 1950s
• American Expressionism, removed the representation from German Expressionism
• ex: Jackson Pollock

Question 34

Pop Art

Answer 34

• 1960s
• co-opted advertising and movies
• Andy Warhol

Question 35

Conceptual and Performance Art

Answer 35

• 1960s -1970s
• not about creating new art but new ideas

Question 36

Postmodernism

Answer 36

• 1970s -
• belief that there is no current culturual baseline and mixes styles from the past