Major Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards
neurocognitive disorder is the new term for ?
dimentia
what are the 5 main cognitive components
- attention
- visual perception processing
- information processing
- memory
- executive function
what cognitive process underlies all other cognitive processes?
attention
5 components of attention
- sustained
- selective
- focused
- alternating
- divided
what is focused attention
ability to respond to specific stimuli and maintain the vigilant response for any period of time
what is sustained attention
ability to focus on an activity or stimulus for long period fo time
what is selective attention
ability to chose a stimulus and focus on it
what is alternating attention
switch focus from stimuli to stimuli that require different cognitive demands
what is divided attention
ability to focus on more than one things a time simultaneously and process and respond to the 2 things at the same time
deficits in visual perceptual processing can lead to? (5)
- agnosia
- apraxia
- visual spatial disorders
- body scheme disorder
- inattention/ neglect
inability to recognize or interpret sensory info despite having intact sensory receptors
agnosia
difficulty with motor planning to perform a task, don’t know what to do with a given object
apraxia
not seeing white socks on white sheets is an example of?
visual spatial disorder
not knowing where the body
is in space or where limbs are in relation to each
other, or cant follow directions when someone tells
you where to move what body part
body scheme disorder
can’t respond to or orient stimuli on opposite side of body
neglect
what are the 3 components of information processing
- speed: how fast
- capacity: how much
- control: guides selection of what to process
what is insight
understanding the motivational forces behind ones actions, thoughts, or behaviours - self knowledge
alzhemiers disease usually co-exists with ?
vascular dimentia
10 warning signs of dimentia?
- memory loss that affects day to day function
- difficulty performing familiar tasks
- problems with language
- disorientation of time and place
- poor or decreased judgement
- problems with abstract thinking
- misplacing things
- changes in mood and behaviour
- changes in personality
- loss of initiative
7 stages of Alzheimer’s disease (global deterioration scale)
Stage 1: No cognitive decline Stage 2: Very mild cognitive decline Stage 3: Mild cognitive decline Stage 4: Moderate cognitive decline Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive decline Stage 6: Severe cognitive decline Stage 7: Very severe cognitive
what is “mixed dimentia”
alzheimers coexisting with vascular dimentia
lewy body dimentia can occur alone or with ?
alzheimers or parkinsons
lewy body dimentia involves any 2 of: (3)
- hallucinations
- repeated unexplained falls
- fluctuation in mental state not delirium
term for group of rare disorders that affect frontal and
temporal lobes of the
fronto-temporal dimentia
caused by infectious proteins called prions which can attack
the brain, kill cells and create gaps or holes in b
creutzfeldt- jakob disease
degenerative brain disorder caused by the lack of thiamine
(vitamin B
wernicke- korsakoff syndrome
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome results from?
may result from alcohol abuse, dietary deficiencies, prolonged
vomiting, eating disorders, or the effects of chemo
what type of dimentia does confabulation exist with? and what is confabulation ?
wernicke-korsakoff
- making up stories with bits or the truth
CTE usually occurs ___ years after repetitive mild TBI or concussion
8-10 years
what are the 3 stages of CTE
Stage 1: ADHD, confusion, disorientation, dizziness, and
headaches.
Stage2: memory loss, social instability, impulsive behaviour
and poor judgment.
Stage 3&4: progressive dementia, movement disorders,
speech impediments, sensory processing disorder, tremors,
vertigo, deafness, depression and suicidality
what does BPSD stand for
Behavioural Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
a diverse constellation of symptoms including calling out,
verbal and physical aggression, agitation, apathy, hostility,
sexual disinhibition, defiance, wandering, intrusiveness,
repetitive behavior and/or vocalizations, hoarding, nocturnal
restlessness, psychosis (hallucinations or delusions),
emotional lability, and paranoid behaviours
BPSD
what are the key symptoms of BPSD
aggression
psychosis
mood disorders
agitation
what are the ABC’s of interventions for BPSD
- Antecedents (unmet needs- pain, toileting, hunger)
- Behaviour desired (eg, reduced crying ,agitation, physical agression towards others)
- Consequences: staff, residents, others at decreased risk of harm)
dementia with abnormal protein blocking messages within the brain
lewy body dementia
