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Nutrition Exam Two > Major Minerals > Flashcards

Major Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

By what two mechanisms is calcium absorbed?

A

Passive diffusion and active transport

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2
Q

Which mechanism of calcium absorption uses calbindin 9k?

A

Active transport

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3
Q

What are the functions of calcium?

A

Bone, cell signaling

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4
Q

Hypercalcemia is excessive amounts of what mineral?

A

Calcium

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5
Q

What conditions can result from hypocalcemia?

A

Tetany and osteoporosis

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6
Q

What are the causes of hypercalcemia?

A

Excessive calcium intake (supplements), hyperparathyroidism

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

Fatigue, constipation, hallucinations

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8
Q

What amount is required of a mineral if it is considered a major mineral?

A

> 100 mg/day

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9
Q

What things inhibit the absorption of major minerals?

A

Phytate (found in whole grains)
Tannins
Oxalate (found in spinach)

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10
Q

What is the best source for phosphorus?

A

Animals

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11
Q

What are the functions of phosphorus?

A

Enzyme regulation
ATP and cAMP (second messenger for cell signaling)
Phospholipids

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12
Q

What is the best source of calcium?

A

Dairy

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13
Q

What is the symptom of hypophosphatemia?

A

Arrthymias

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14
Q

Hyperphosphatemia leads to decreased absorption of what mineral?

A

Calcium (compete for absorption)

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15
Q

What is the major source of sodium?

A

NaCl

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16
Q

What are the functions of sodium?

A

Fluid balance

Nerves (NaK ATPase pump)

17
Q

What is the symptom of hyponatremia?

A

Muscle cramps

18
Q

What is the symptom of hypernatremia?

A

Hypertension

19
Q

Hypernatremia causes increased secretion of what mineral?

A

Calcium (hypocalcemia)

20
Q

What is the best source for magnesium?

A

Plants

21
Q

What are the functions of magnesium?

A

Parathyroid hormone secretion
Cofactor to stabilize ATP
Muscle relaxer (calcium channel blocker)

22
Q

What are the symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A

Slurred speech

Migraines (large levels)

23
Q

What is the symptom of hypomagnesemia?

A

Muscle weakness

24
Q

Hypomagnesemia has what effect on parathyroid hormone?

A

Decreased secretion of PTH leading to decrease in calbindin k (hypocalcemia)

25
Q

What are the best sources for potassium?

A

Banana
Sweet potatoes
Cantaloupe

26
Q

Potassium has the same functions as what other mineral?

A

Sodium (nerve transduction and fluid balance)

27
Q

What is the symptom for both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

A

Arrhythmias

28
Q

What effect does potassium have on calcium excretion?

A

Decrease

29
Q

What is a symptom of subclinical potassium deficiency?

A

Hypertension (excess sodium does the same)

30
Q

What are the functions of chloride?

A

HCl (important for digestion)

Nerves

Nutrition Exam Two (2 decks)

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