Major/Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder Flashcards
criterion A for M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
criteria are met for major or mild NCD
criterion B for M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
disturbance has INSIDIOUS onset and GRADUAL progression
what are the two variants of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
behavioural variant
language variant
criterion C for M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
either (1) or (2)
- behavioural variant–> THREE or more of the following symptoms:
-behavioural disinhibition
-apathy or inertia
-loss of sympathy or empathy
-perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behaviour
-hyperorality and dietary changes
AND prominent decline in SOCIAL COGNITION and/or executive abilities - language variant–> prominent decline in language ability, in the form of speech production, word finding, object naming, grammar or word comprehension
criterion D for M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
relative SPARING of learning and memory and perceptual-motor function
criterion E for M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
the disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurdegenerative disease, the effects of a substance or another mental, neurological or systemic disorder
by what criteria do you diagnose probable Frontotemporal NCD
Frontotemporal NCD is probable if either of the following is present:
- evidence of a causative frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder genetic mutation, from either family history or genetic testing
- evidence of DISPROPORTIONATE frontal and/or temporal lobe involvement from NEUROIMAGING
when is possible Frontotemporal NCD diagnosed
if theres no evidence of a genetic mutation, and neuroimaging has not been performed
what are the three language variants of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
semantic
agrammatic/nonfluent
logopenic
what are the core features of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD overall (though the disorder comprises a number of syndromic variants)
progressive development of behavioural and personality change and/or language impairment
what distinguishes the behavioural and language variants of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD, beyond their symptoms
they each have distinct patterns of brain atrophy and some distinctive neuropathology
why might medical consultation usually be delayed in those with the behavioural variant of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
insight is often impaired
how do those with the behavioural variant of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD often present
with varying degrees of APATHY or DISINHIBITION
they may lose interest in socialization, self care and personal responsibilities, or display socially inappropriate behaviours
what other changes are often observed in those presenting with the behavioural variant of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
changes in social style
changes in religious and political beliefs
repetitive movements
hoarding
changes in eating behaviour
hyperorality
what physical symptom may occur in later stages of the behavioural variant of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
loss of sphincter control
what domain is often preserved, especially in the early stages, of the behavioural varient of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
cognition–> formal testing may show relatively few deficits in the early stages
what are common neurocognitive symptoms in those with the behavioural variant of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
lack of planning and organization
distractibility
poor judgment
deficits in executive function (poor performance on tests of mental flexibility, abstract reasoning, and response inhibition are present but learning and memory are relatively spared and perceptual-motor abilities are almost always preserved in the early stages)
how do those with the language variant of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD often present
with primary progressive APHASIA with GRADUAL onset
each of the three subtypes have distinctive features and corresponding neuropathology
list three other symptoms that may be present and may support a diagnosis of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
- EPS features
- -may be prominent in some cases, with overlap of syndromes such as PSP and corticobasal degeneration - features of motor neuron diseases
- -in some cases
- -i.e muscle atrophy, weakness - visual hallucinations
- -in a subset of individuals
in which population is M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD a common cause of NCD
M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD is a common cause of EARLY ONSET NCD in those younger than 65
what is the population prevalence estimate for M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
2-10 per 100 000
what % of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD occur in those over age 65
20-25%
in an unselected autopsy series, what % of dementias were attributable to M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD
5%
which subtypes of M/M NCD due to Frontotemporal NCD are more prevalent in men? in women?
men–> behavioural and semantic language variants
women–> nonfluent language variant
