Major Functional Muscles Of The Face And Scalp

Question 0

Insertion of the occipitofrontalis FRONTAL BELLY

Answer 0

Skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead

Question 1

Origin of the occipitofrontalis FRONTAL BELLY

Answer 1

Epicranial aponeurosis

Question 2

Actions of the occipitofrontalis FRONTAL BELLY

Answer 2

Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead
Protracts scalp (indicating surprise or curiosity)

Question 3

Origin of the occipitofrontalis OCCIPITAL BELLY

Answer 3

Lateral two thirds of superior nuchal line

Question 4

Insertion of the occipitofrontalis OCCIPITAL BELLY

Answer 4

Epicranial aponeurosis

Question 5

Actions of the occipitofrontalis OCCIPITAL BELLY

Answer 5

Retracts scalp

Increasing effectiveness of frontal belly

Question 6

Origin of orbicularis oculi (orbital sphincter)

Answer 6

Medial orbital margin
Medial palpebral ligament
Lacrimal bone

Question 7

Insertion of the orbicularis oculi (orbital sphincter)

Answer 7

Skin around margin of orbit

Superior and inferior tarsi (tarsal palates)

Question 8

Actions of the orbicularis oculi (orbital sphincter)

Answer 8

Closes eyelids: palpebral part does so gently

Orbital part tightly (winking)

Question 9

Origin of the orbicularis oris (oral sphincter)

Answer 9

Medial maxilla and mandible
Deep surface of peri-oral skin
Angle of mouth

Question 10

Insertion of orbicularis oris (oral sphincter)

Answer 10

Mucous membrane of lips

Question 11

Actions of orbicularis oris (oral sphincter)

Answer 11

Tonus closes mouth

Phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists dissension (when blowing)

Question 12

Origin of the buccinator (cheek muscles)

Answer 12

Mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe

Question 13

Insertion of the buccinator

Answer 13

Angle of mouth (modiolus)

Orbicularis oris

Question 14

Actions of the buccinator

Answer 14

Presses cheek against molar teeth
Works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule
Resists distension (when blowing)

Question 15

Origin of the platysma

Answer 15

Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions

Question 16

Insertion of the platysma

Answer 16

Base of mandible
Skin of cheek and lower lip
Angle of mouth
Orbicularis oris

Question 17

Actions of the platysma

Answer 17

Depresses mandible (against resistance) 
Tenses skin of inferior face and neck (conveying tension and stress)

Question 18

Origin of the strnocleidomastoid

Answer 18

Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of the superior nuchal line

Question 19

Insertion of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 19

Sternal head: anterior surface of the manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle

Question 20

Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 20

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI; motor)

C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

Question 21

Actions of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 21

Unilateral contraction: tilts head to same side (i.e. laterally flexes neck) and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
Bilateral contraction: (1) extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints (2) flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium (3) extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level
With cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial end of clavicles, assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration

Question 22

Origin of the trapezius

Answer 22

Medial third of the superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance
Nuchal ligament
Spinous processes of C7-T12

Question 23

Insertion of the trapezius

Answer 23

Lateral third of the clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

Question 24

Innervation of the trapezius

Answer 24

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

C3 and C4 nerves (pain and proprioception)

Question 25

Actions of the trapezius

Answer 25

Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula
Descending (superior) part elevates pectoral girdle, maintains level of shoulders against gravity or resistance
Middle part retracts scapula
Ascending (inferior) part depresses shoulder
Descending and ascending parts rotate scapula upward
With shoulders fixed, bilateral contraction extends neck; unilateral contraction produces lateral flexion to same side