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Geography - Tectonics > Major Extrusive > Flashcards

Major Extrusive Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the silica content of andesitic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Medium

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2
Q

What is the silica content of rhyolitic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

High

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3
Q

What is the viscosity of basaltic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Low (runny)

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4
Q

What is the viscosity of andesitic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Medium

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5
Q

What is the viscosity of rhyolitic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

High (thick)

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6
Q

What is the temperature of basaltic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

1,110-1,200 degrees

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7
Q

What is the temperature of andesitic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

750-950 degrees

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8
Q

What is the temperature of rhyolitic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Less that 750 degrees

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9
Q

What sort of lava produces the most violent eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Rhyolitic (high viscosity)

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10
Q

What characteristics are shown by AA lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • heat loss = high viscosity
  • forms a crust
  • fast moving
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11
Q

What characteristics are shown by Pahoehoe lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • slow moving

* well developed skin forms

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12
Q

What two types of eruptions can occur? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • Fissure eruptions

* Vent eruptions

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13
Q

What is the silica content of basaltic lava? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Low

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14
Q

Name the 6 types of volcanoes (major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • ash/cinder
  • basic shield
  • caldera
  • composite cone
  • fissure
  • acid dome
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15
Q

What does an ash/cinder cone volcano look like? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • no lava
  • small
  • made of loose grainy cinders
  • steep sides
  • small crater
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16
Q

What is an example of an ash/cinder cone volcano? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Particutin, Mexico

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17
Q

What does a basic shield volcano look like? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • basaltic lava
  • very large
  • low slopes
  • large crater
18
Q

What is an example of a basic shield volcano? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Islands of Hawaii

19
Q

What does a caldera volcano look like? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • rhyolitic lava
  • circular depressions found on the summit
  • form by collapsed of the volcano itself
  • edges appear as a steep cliff
20
Q

What is an example of a caldera volcano? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Vaues, New Mexico

21
Q

What does a composite cone look like? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • andesitic lava
  • very large
  • steep sides
  • small crater
22
Q

What is an example of a composite cone volcano? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Mount St Helens, USA

23
Q

What does a fissure volcano look like? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • basaltic lava
  • no central crater
  • crack in the ground
  • vast quantities of lava
24
Q

What is an example of a fissure volcano? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Los Pilas, Nicaragua

25
Q

What does an acid done volcano look like? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • rhyolitic lava
  • dome grows from within
  • dome cools, hardens, then shatters
26
Q

What is an example of an acid dome volcano? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Novarupta, Alaska

27
Q

Why do explosive eruptions occur? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Cooler magma reaches the surface and dissolved gasses can’t escape, so pressure builds

28
Q

What are the 7 types of explosions from a volcano? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A
  • Icelandic
  • Hawaiian
  • Strombolian
  • Vulcanian
  • vesuvian
  • Peléean
  • Plinian
29
Q

What type of lava flows from a Icelandic eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Basaltic

30
Q

What type of lava flows from a Hawaiian eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Basaltic

31
Q

What type of lava flows from a Strombolian eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Basaltic (thicker)

32
Q

What type of lava flows from a Vulcanian eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic

33
Q

What type of lava flows from a Vesuvian eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic

34
Q

What type of lava flows from a Peléean eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Andesitic and rhyolitic

35
Q

What type of lava flows from a Plinian eruption? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Rhyolitic

36
Q

What happens when a Icelandic volcano erupts? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Lava flows gently from fissures

37
Q

What happens when a Hawaiian volcano erupts? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Lava flows gently from central vent

38
Q

What happens when a Strombolian volcano erupts? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Frequent, explosive eruptions of tephra and steam

39
Q

What happens when a Vulcanian volcano erupts? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Few but violent eruptions that contain ash and gas

40
Q

What happens when a Vesuvian volcano erupts? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

After long periods on inactivity, very violent gas blasts high into the sky

41
Q

What happens when a Peléean volcano erupts? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Very violent eruptions and huge pyroclastic flows

42
Q

What happens when a Plinian volcano erupts? (Major extrusive tectonics)

A

Exceptionally violent with gas and ash, torrential rain storms

Geography - Tectonics (14 decks)

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