Major Endocrine Glands

Question 1

the hypothalamus is part of what within the brain

Answer 1

diencephalon

Question 2

the hypothalamus is a bridge between what

Answer 2

nervous system and endocrine system

Question 3

what do the blood vessels and nerve fibers in the stalk that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland allow the hypothalamus to do

Answer 3

control the activity of the pituitary gland

Question 4

the portal system uses portal blood vessels to link the hypothalamus and what part of the pituitary gland

Answer 4

anterior

Question 5

the link between the hypothalamus and what part of the pituitary gland is direct

Answer 5

posterior

Question 6

what two hormones are stored by the hypothalamus for the posterior part of the pituitary gland

Answer 6

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
oxytocin

Question 7

what is known as the master endocrine gland

Answer 7

the pituitary gland

Question 8

how many separate structures is the pituitary gland made up of

Answer 8

two

Question 9

the rostral (front) portion of the pituitary gland is called what

Answer 9

anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis

Question 10

the caudal (rear) portion of the pituitary gland is called what

Answer 10

posterior pituitary or the neurohypophysis

Question 11

how many hormones does the anterior pituitary produce

Answer 11

seven

Question 12

what stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce hormones

Answer 12

hypothalamus

Question 13

what does antidiuretic hormone help prevent

Answer 13

diuresis - loss of large quantities of water in urine

Question 14

ADH does what to urine

Answer 14

makes it more concentrated

Question 15

ADH is released when what detects a water shortage in the body

Answer 15

hypothalamus

Question 16

what does a deficiency of ADH cause and what are the side effects

Answer 16

diabetes insipidus
polyuria/polydipsia

Question 17

what are the targets of oxytocin

Answer 17

uterus and mammary glands

Question 18

how does oxytocin aid with the time of breeding and transporting sperm up to the oviducts as well as the birth process

Answer 18

induces uterine contractions

Question 19

which hormone causes milk let down

Answer 19

oxytocin

Question 20

what part of the body being stimulated can cause oxytocin to be released into the blood stream

Answer 20

teat or nipple

Question 21

most of the mass of the pancreas is made up of exocrine glandular tissue that produces important what

Answer 21

digestive enzymes

Question 22

which organ has both exocrine and endocrine functions

Answer 22

pancreas

Question 23

the endocrine portion of the pancreas made up of thousands of what

Answer 23

pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans

Question 24

what are the three main endocrine cells of pancreatic islets

Answer 24

alpha
beta
delta

Question 25

what do alpha pancreatic islets do

Answer 25

produce glucagon

Question 26

what do beta pancreatic islets do

Answer 26

produce insulin

Question 27

what do delta pancreatic islets do

Answer 27

produce somatostatin

Question 28

which pancreatic hormone inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon as well as diminishes the activity of the GI tract

Answer 28

somatostatin

Question 29

what pancreatic hormone causes glucose, amino acids and fatty acids in the bloodstream to be absorbed through cell membranes into body cells and used for energy as well as lowers the level of glucose in the body

Answer 29

insulin

Question 30

what pancreatic hormone raises glucose in the body by stimulating liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose as well as stimulating the conversion of fat and protein to glucose

Answer 30

glucagon

Question 31

reproductive organs - testes in male and ovaries in female, produce reproductive cells and important hormones

Answer 31

gonads

Question 32

why are testes housed in scrotum

Answer 32

body temperature is too warm for sperm to survive (can't be directly against the body)

Question 33

where spermatozoa are produced

Answer 33

seminiferous tubules

Question 34

clumps of endocrine cells scattered between the seminiferous tubules, produces the male sex hormones (androgens)

Answer 34

interstitial cells

Question 35

what is the principal androgen that interstitial cells produce

Answer 35

testosterone

Question 36

Organs that produces the female reproductive cells (ova) and hormones in cycles

Answer 36

ovaries

Question 37

what two anterior pituitary hormones control ovarian cycles

Answer 37

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormones (LH)

Question 38

main hormone groups produced in the ovaries

Answer 38

estrogens and progestins

Question 39

what are the other two hormones produced in the ovaries

Answer 39

relaxin inhibin (not in book)

Question 40

what hormone is produced in the ovaries late in pregnancy

Answer 40

relaxin

Question 41

what hormone is released by the ovaries from the early follicle, fed back to the hypothalamus and stops the release of FSH

Answer 41

inhibin

Question 42

why is inhibin an important hormone

Answer 42

prevents too many mature follicles (eggs) ex - dogs have a litter, humans typically don't have multi births

Question 43

produced when FSH from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates follicles to develop in the ovaries

Answer 43

estrogens

Question 44

fluid filled structures in which the female reproductive cells develop

Answer 44

follicles

Question 45

the cells that make up follicles produce and release the estrogens into where

Answer 45

the bloodstream

Question 46

what hormone signals the male that the time for breading is approaching

Answer 46

estrogens

Question 47

as an ovarian follicle grows, the amount of estrogen it produces does what

Answer 47

grows as well

Question 48

the feedback from estrogens causes the anterior pituitary gland to reduce the product of what and increase the production of what

Answer 48

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) LH (luteinizing hormone)

Question 49

what happens in most animals when the follicle is fully mature and the LH level peaks

Answer 49

ovulation

Question 50

what produces several hormones collectively that are called progestins

Answer 50

the corpus luteum

Question 51

what is the principal progestin

Answer 51

progesterone

Question 52

what does the name progesterone mean

Answer 52

pregnancy promoting steroid hormone

Question 53

if the female is bred and becomes pregnant, what does the corpus luteum do with the production of pregnancy supporting steroid hormone

Answer 53

continues to be active in the ovary

Question 54

when does the corpus luteum shrink up and disappear

Answer 54

when pregnancy does not occur

Question 55

which hormone produced by the ovaries causes ligaments between the bones and surrounding the birth canal to soften and relax in preparation for birth

Answer 55

relaxin