Major Effects

Question 0

Adenocard (adenosine)

Answer 0

slows conduction time through AV. Interrupts re-entry pathways through AV

Question 1

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 1

block conversion of Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II, promoting vascular relaxation, a drop in systemic vascular resistance, and eventual diminishment of myocardial workload due to drop in left ventricular afterload. The improved function enhances cardiac output, limits infarction size, slows progression of heart failure, and decreases sudden death and recurrence of infarctions

Question 2

Adrenalin (epinephrine)

Answer 2

stimulates both alpha and beta receptors of the autonomic nervous system. B1 causes increased HR (chronotropy), contractility (inotropy), conduction (dromotropy). B2 causes bronchodilation. Alpha stimulation causes increased peripheral vasoconstriction, increasing BP

Question 3

Amiodarone (cordarone)

Answer 3

decreases number of VT/VF events by increasing threshold. Prolongs duration of action potentials in cardiac fibers

Question 4

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

Answer 4

reduces risk of occlusive vascular events by inhibiting platelet aggregation, thus preventing blood clots

Question 5

Atropine Sulfate

Answer 5

blocks acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the effect of the neurotransmitter, and diminishing or preventing the influence of vagal tone on the heart). It increases HR by blocking vagal tone

Question 6

Beta Blockers

Answer 6

inhibits strength of heart contractions and HR, resulting in decrease of cardiac oxygen consumption

Question 7

Calan, Isotopin (Verapamil)

Answer 7

blocks calcium from moving into the heart muscle cell, which prolongs the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node, dilates arteries

Question 8

calcium chloride 10% (CaCl)

Answer 8

calcium has an influence on cardiac muscle contraction by increasing force of contraction when it enters the portion of the cell where actin and myosin filaments interact. the ion also aids in peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 9

calcium channel blockers (-dipine)

Answer 9

inhibits the influx of calcium ions through slow channels during membrane depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. effective in SVTs because it slows conduction through AV node and reduces ventricular rate, thus reducing HR

Question 10

Clopidrogel (Plavix)

Answer 10

blocks platelet aggregation by antagonizing GP IIb/IIIa receptors

Question 11

Diltiazem (Cardiazem)

Answer 11

inhibits the influx of calcium ions through slow channels during membrane depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. effective in SVTs because it slows conduction through the AV node and reduces ventricular rate, thus reducing HR

Question 12

Dopamine (intropin)

Answer 12

stimulates alpha and beta receptors. At moderate doses it stimulates B1, resulting in increased cardiac output. At high doses it stimulates alpha receptors, causing vasoconstriction

Question 13

fentanyl citrate (Sublimaze)

Answer 13

binds to opiate receptors, producing analgesia and euphoria

Question 14

Fibrinolytic therapy

Answer 14

quickly dissolve an occluding blood clot and reopen a pathway through which the myocardium can receive oxygenated blood, limiting overall size of infarction

Question 15

Lanoxin (digoxin)

Answer 15

inhibits sodium-potassium pump, resulting in an increase in calcium inside heart muscle cell, causing an increase in the force of contraction

Question 16

Lasix (furosemide)

Answer 16

acts on proximal and distal ends of the tubules and ascending limb of Loop of Henle to excrete water, sodium, chlorides and potassium. blocks reabsorption of sodium in tubules of kidneys. very potent. rapid onset

Question 17

Lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine)

Answer 17

depresses conduction velocity through ischemic ventricular tissue and depresses its increased automaticity. Raises ventricular fibrillation threshold. Shortens refractory period and action potential duration. Decreases cell permeability and prevents loss of sodium and potassium ions

Question 18

magnesium sulfate

Answer 18

counteracts uterine tetany and the effects of oxytocin. produces anticonvulsant effect. CNS depressant. blocks neuromuscular electrical transmissions for seizures. Bronchial dilator for asthma. Decreases SA node firing. prolongs conduction time

Question 19

Nipride (sodium nitroprusside)

Answer 19

relaxes both arteriolar and venous smooth muscle

Question 20

Nitrostat (nitroglycerin)

Answer 20

lowers BP by relaxing vascular smooth muscle, dilating vasculature and reducing preload and afterload. Dilates coronary arteries and promotes collateral circulation to ischemic regions

Question 21

Quinidine

Answer 21

Decreases conduction velocity. strong vagal blocking properties. decreases automaticity in His Purkinje system prolonging refractory period and action potential duration in His-Purkinje system

Question 22

Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Answer 22

alkalinizing which helps maintain osmotic pressure and ion balance. Buffer agent in blood

Question 23

Vasopressin

Answer 23

direct stimulation of smooth muscle receptors which promote vasoconstriction during periods of cardiac arrest

Question 24

Warfarin (coumadin)

Answer 24

inhibits synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors