Major disease patterns biochemistry

Question 1

⇡ Urea and creatinine, ⇡ K⁺ and Urate, ⇡ H⁺, ⇣HCO^3-, ⇡PO₄^3-, ⇣Ca²⁺

Answer 1

Low GFR (Usually oliguric)

Question 2

Normal Urea and creatinine, ⇣ K⁺ and Urate, ⇡ H⁺, ⇣HCO^3-, ⇣PO₄^3-, Normal Ca²⁺

Answer 2

Tubular dysfunction

Question 3

⇣Na⁺, ⇣K⁺, ⇡HCO₃^-, ⇡Urea

Answer 3

Thiazide and loop diuretics

Question 4

⇣Hb, ⇡PTH and renal bone disease

Answer 4

CKD

Question 5

⇡Urea, smaller ⇡ Creatinine, ⇡ Albumin, ⇡ Haematocrit (PCV)

Answer 5

Dehydration, also decreased skin turgor and urine output

Question 6

Bone disease with Normal Ca²⁺, Normal PO₄^3-, Normal ALP

Answer 6

Osteoporosis

Question 7

Bone disease with ⇣Ca²⁺, ⇣PO₄^3-, ⇡ALP

Answer 7

Osteomalacia

Question 8

Bone disease with Normal Ca²⁺, Normal PO₄^3-, ⇑ ALP

Answer 8

Paget’s Disease

Question 9

Bone disease with ⇡Ca²⁺, ⇡/Normal PO₄^3-, Normal ALP

Answer 9

Myeloma

Question 10

Bone disease with ⇡Ca²⁺, ⇡/normal PO₄^3-, ⇡ALP

Answer 10

Boney mets

Question 11

Bone disease with ⇡Ca²⁺,⇣/normal PO₄^3-, Normal/ ⇡ALP

Answer 11

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 12

Bone disease with ⇣Ca²⁺, ⇡PO₄^3-, Normal ALP

Answer 12

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 13

Bone disease with ⇣Ca²⁺, ⇡PO₄^3-, Normal/⇡ ALP

Answer 13

Renal failure (Low GFR)

Question 14

⇡Bilirubin, ⇑AST, ALP ⇡ slightly, ⇣Albumin, increased clotting times

Answer 14

Hepatocellular disease

Question 15

⇡Bilirubin, ⇑GGT, ⇑ALP, ⇡AST

Answer 15

Cholestasis

Question 16

⇡Troponin, ⇡CK, ⇡AST, ⇡LDH

Answer 16

MI

Question 17

⇡K⁺, ⇣Na⁺, ⇡Urea

Answer 17

Addison’s disease

Question 18

⇣K⁺, ⇡Na⁺ , ⇡HCO₃^-

Answer 18

Cushing’s - cortisol also has some mineralocorticoid effects

Question 19

⇣K⁺, ⇡or normal Na⁺ , ⇡HCO₃^-, also HTN

Answer 19

Conn’s

Question 20

⇡Glucose and possibly ⇣HCO³_-

Answer 20

DM - and the low bicarbonate is acidotic

Question 21

⇡Na⁺, ⇡Plasma osmolality, ⇣urine osmolality

Answer 21

DI

Question 22

⇣Na⁺, ⇡⇠⇢Urea and Creatinine, ⇣Plasma osmolality, ⇡Urine Osmolality (>plasma), ⇡Urine Na+ (>20mmol/L)

Answer 22

SIADH