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Abnormal Psych > Major Depression > Flashcards

Major Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurobiology

A

Multiple neurotransmitter systems involved

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2
Q

Serotonin

A

social drive, stress response, amygdala, anterior cingulate

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3
Q

Sleep architecture

A

increased REM, decreased slow wave sleep lowers mood

- need deep restorative sleep to clear out toxins

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4
Q

Left Frontal Cortex

A
  • Reduced left frontal cortex activity in depression
  • positive mood left frontal cortex more active
  • negative mood, right gets active and left is quite
  • a concussion cause it to slow down, then you become extremely likely to develop clinical depression
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5
Q

Dopamine

A

pleasure/reward center, goal directed activity, initiative, motivation

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6
Q

Amygdala

A
  • ground zero for emotion circuits,
  • serotonin circuits keep amygdala from getting over heated/overworked
  • when anti-d’s mess with this, turn it down. AKA emotional blunting/numbing.
  • -> can’t calibrate/predict certain emotions. turn down good feelings too
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7
Q

CRH

A

master protein, regulates neurotransmitter function in the brain, coordinates stress response,

  • brain peptide regulating stress response
  • to effect a lot of diff circuits in brain at once increase hormones estrogen, testosterone, or CRH, these help brain and transmitter function
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8
Q

Hormones (neuroendocrine)

A

Cortisol - stress hormone, toxic to brain, run away stress response, brain tissue start to die.
BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) is reduced

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9
Q

Activation Syndrome

A
  • ppl who feel energized/restless. They can feel irritated, angry, aggressive, and rarely violent.
  • can be caused by too much serotonin
  • caused by changing dopamine levels
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10
Q

Inflammation

A
  • promotes brain’s stress response

- causes body to shutdown

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11
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Increases BDNF, serotonin, and dopamine function

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12
Q

Beck’s cognitive model

A
  • Depression caused by negatively biased thoughts
    Automatic thoughts - involuntary negative interpretation of events
  • Logical errors - give rise to automatic thoughts, (ex. all or nothing thinking)
  • Schemas - core beliefs, taken as a given. (“I’m a loser; No one will ever love me”)
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13
Q

Kindling hypothesis

A

to account for the likelihood of someone becoming depressed again

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14
Q

Heritability estimate

A

30% - 40% female

20% - 30% male

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15
Q

What gene is the serotonin transporter gene?

A

chromosome 17

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16
Q

Serotonin transporter gene

  • long version
  • short version
A
  • 2 long copies no increase in depression, and wind up with more serotonin transmitters. Long copies build more than short copies
  • 2 short copies much more vulnerable to have depression
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17
Q

Caspi 2003 study

A

4 + negative events: LL = 17% depressed; SS = 43%

18
Q

What drugs disrupt slow wave sleep?

A

Benzodiazepine

19
Q

What does CRH regulate?

A

neurotransmitter function

20
Q

Diathesis stress model

A
  • attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences
  • can take the form of genetic, psychological, biological, or situational factors.
21
Q

What circuits do flight or flight inhibit?

A

serotonin circuits

22
Q

What did Kahneman win the Nobel Prize in?

A

economics

23
Q

Age of highest risk for onset of depression?

A

15 - 24

24
Q

Micro Biomes

A

all little organisms living in and on you, and we are out numbered by them

25
Q

Malicious Micro biomes reproduce off

A

Dietary sugar

26
Q

Beneficial Micro Biomes reproduce off

A

plant fiber

27
Q

Number of micro biomes in our body

A

100 trillion

28
Q

What increases BDNF?

A

Omega 3’s and antidepressants

29
Q

Highest antidepressant use is found in?

A

Peri-menopausal women

30
Q

Rate of antidepressant use in peri-menopausal women?

A

1 in 4

31
Q

Target amount of sleep?

A

8 hours

32
Q

How many hours of sleep are optimal for a 19 yr old?

A

9 hrs

33
Q

Optimal hrs of sleep for a 25 yr old?

A

8 hrs

34
Q

sleep deprived

A

majority of americans are sleep deprived

35
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

Freud

36
Q

Psychodynamic

A

attachment theory

37
Q

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

A
  • depression = anger turned inward
  • oral fixation = clingy person, vulnerable to dependency, at risk of depression if have a significant loss
  • anal fixation = perfectionist, vulnerable to failure, more vulnerable to depression b/c of failure
38
Q

BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor)

A
  • Anti-d’s increase BDNF in the hippocampus
  • -> when BNDF increases, grow new memory pathways, learning pathways/connections.
  • -> growing dendrytic spines
39
Q

of anti-d’s prescribed each yr?

A

150 million

40
Q

Kahneman

A

Thinking isn’t fully rational

Abnormal Psych (3 decks)

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