major and minor prophets test Flashcards
major prophets
-isaiah
-jeremiah
-lamentations
-ezekiel
-daniel
minor prophets
-hosea
-joel
-amos
-obadiah
-jonah
-micah
-nahum
-habbakkuk
-zephiniah
-haggai
-zechariah
-malachi
isaiah’s purpose
-to call the nation of judah back to God
-to tell of God’s messiah
isaiah’s author
isaiah
isaiah’s date
740-695 BCE
isaiah’s setting
jerusalmem
key people in isaiah
-isaiah
-uzziah
-jotham
-ahaz
-hezekiah
political and social context of isaiah
-isaiah prophesied in pre-exilic judah during the reigns of uzziah, jotham, ahaz, and hezekiah
-judah was facing military threats from neighboring countries including assyria
what are the 3 parts of isaiah?
-chapters 1-39 (uzziah’s stable reign because of assyria’s weak leaders)
-chapters 40-55 (follows the conquest of jerusalem in the babylonian exile)
-chapters 56-66 (addresses themes that were not seen in the rest of the book like sacrifice and sabbath)
what are the mega themes in isaiah?
-holiness
-punishment
-salvation
-messiah
-hope
jeremiah’s purpose
-to urge God’s people to turn from their sins and towards Him
jeremiah’s author
-jeremiah son of hilkiah
-baruch his scribe
jeremiah’s date
627-562 BCE
jeremiah’s location
-jerusalem
key people in jeremiah
-elijah
-elisha
-naaman
-jezebel
-jehu
-joash
-hezekiah
-sennacherib
-isaiah
-manasseh
-josiah
-jehoiakim
-zedekiah
-nebuchadnezzer
political and social context of jeremiah
-jeremiah prophesied in pre-exilic judah during josiah, jehoahaz, jehoikam, jehoiachin, zedekiah
-at this time judah was under siege by the chaldeans
-they were then conquered, the temple was destroyed, and jeremiah was taken into exile in egypt
mega themes in jeremiah
-sin
-punishments
-God is Lord of all
-new hearts
-faithful service
purpose of lamentations
-to teach people that to disobey God is to invite disaster
-to show that God suffers when his people suffer
author of lamentations
jeremiah
date of lamentations
-586 BCE
setting of lamentations
-jerusalem
key people in lamentations
-jeremiah
-the people of jerusalem
mega themes in lamentations
-destruction of jerusalem
-God’s mercy
-sins consequences
-hope
purpose of ezekiel
-to pronounce God’s judgment on israel and other nations
-to fortell the eventual salvation of God’s people
ezekiel’s author
-ezekiel son of buzi
date of ezekiel
593-571 BCE
location of ezekiel
-in exile
-by the chebar canal in chaldea
key people in ezekiel
-ezekiel
-israel’s leaders
-ezekiel’s wife
-nebuchadnezzar
-the prince
political and social context of ezekiel
-prophesied during last days of the southern kingdom, reign of zedekiah, fall of jerusalem, and after
-exiles lived in peace and security even though they were exiled
-there was danger that they would get too used to being in exile and forget that they were God’s people
mega themes in ezekiel
-God’s holiness
-sin
-restoration
-leaders
-worship
daniel’s purpose
-to give a historical account of the faithful jews who lived in captivity
-to show how God is in control of heaven and earth, directing the forces of nature, determining the destiny of nations, and care of His people
daniel’s author
daniel
daniel’s date
605-536 BCE
location of daniel
babylon
key people in daniel
-daniel (belteshazzar)
-nebuchadnezzar
-shadrach (hananiah)
-meshach (misheal)
-abed-nego (azariah)
-belshezzar
-darius
what was daniel’s name changed to? what do both names mean?
-belteshazzar meaning the treasure of bel
-daniel means God is my judge
what was shadrach’s original name? what do both names mean?
-hananiah meaning the Lord is gracious
-shadrach means the command of aku (moon god)
what was meshach’s original name? what do both names mean?
-mishael meaning who is like God?
-meshach means who is greater than aku?
what was abed-nego’s original name? what do they both mean?
-azariah meaning the Lord helps
-abed-nego means servant of nego
political and social context of daniel
-daniel and his friends were working at the highest levels of the neo-babylonian governement (and later persian)
-exiles were treated well except when their faith and values conflicted with the babylonian ones
mega themes of daniel
-God is in control
-purpose in life
-perserverance
-God’s faithfulness
hosea’s purpose
-to illustrate God’s love for his sinful people
author of hosea
hosea son of beeri
date of hosea
755-725 BCE
location of hosea
-northern kingdom
-references judah
key people in hosea
-hosea
-gomer
-their children
political and social context of hosea
-prophesied in a time of instability in the northern kingdom
-it was right before their conquest and exile in the assyrian empire
megathemes in hosea
-the nation’s sin
-God’s judgment
-God’s love
-restoration
joel’s purpose
-to warn judah of God’s impending judgment on their sins
-to urge them to turn back to God
joel’s author
joel son of pethuel
joels’ date
uncertain
location of joel
judah
key people in joel
-joel
-the people of judah
social and political context of joel
-locust plauge had devastated judah
-joel promised if the people repented God would restore the land
mega themes of joel
-punishment
-forgiveness
-promise of the Holy Spirit
amos’ purpose
-to pronounce God’s judgment on israel and northern kingdom because of their complacency, idolatry, and oppression of the poor
author of amos
amos
date of amos
767- 753 BCE
location of amos
-northern kingdom
-bethel
-samaria
key people in amos
-amos
-amaziah
-jeroboam II
political and social context of amos
-the northern kingdom was prosperous and secure
-however the poor were oppressed, the people were complacent, there was social injustice, and people worshipped unorthodoxly
mega themes in amos
-everyone answers to God
-complacency
-oppression of the poor
-superficial religion
obadiah’s purpose
-to show that God judges those who harm his people
obadiah’s author
obadiah
date of obadiah
586- 553 BCE
location of obadiah
-concerns the nation of edom (southeast of judah)
key people in obadiah
-the edomites
political and social context of obadiah
-the edomites (cousins of israel and descended from esau) did not help the israelites when they were being attacked by the babylonians
-when the babylonians conquered jerusalem after a two year siege the edomites celebrated and participated
mega themes of obadiah
-justice
-pride
purpose of jonah
-to show the extent of God’s grace
-the message of salvation is for all people
jonah’s author
jonah son of amittai
date of jonah
792-753 BCE
jonah’s location
-joppa
-nineveh
political and social context of jonah
-the assyrians were brutal, evil, and oppressed the israelites
-jonah was called to go speak to the people in nineveh and call for their repentance
mega themes of jonah
-God’s sovereignty
-God’s message to all the world
-repentance
-God’s compassion
micah’s purpose
-to warn God’s people that judgment is coming
-to offer pardon to all who repent
author of micah
micah
date of micah
742-686 BCE
location of micah
-ministered in southern kingdom
-addresses both israel and judah
political and social context of micah
-during defeat of northern kingdom and attack on jerusalem in which God defended the people
-book describes injustice in israel and judah, exploitation of the weak, and idol worship
-announces both destruction and salvation
mega themes of micah
-perverting faith
-oppression
-the messiah king of peace
-pleasing God
nahum’s purpose
-to pronounce God’s judgment on assyria
-to comfort judah
nahum’s author
nahum
nahum’s date
663-612 BCE
nahum’s location
-concerns nineveh, assyria’s capital in the east
political and social context of nahum
-assyria had dominated israel and judah for many years
-God is the God of salvation but also of justice and will rightly destroy his enemies
mega themes of nahum
-God judges
-God rules
purpose of habbakkuk
-to show that God is still in control of the world despite the apparent triumph of evil
author of habbakkuk
-habbakkuk
date of habbakkuk
608-605 BCE
location of habbakkuk
-judah (the northern kingdom had come to an end)
key people in habbakkuk
-habbakkuk
-the babylonians
political and social context of habbakkuk
-the prophet announces that the land of judah is characterized by injustice and and violence and the law is paralyzed
-he announces that God is bringing the chaldean army from babylon to conquer them
mega themes of habbakkuk
-struggle and doubt
-God’s sovereignty
-hope
zephaniah’s purpose
-to shake the people of judah out of their complacency
-to urge the people to turn back to God
author of zephiniah
-zephaniah son of cushi
date of zephaniah
-633-612 BCE
location of zephaniah
-the southern kingdom
political and social context of zephaniah
-he was a member of the royal court of judah
-ministered after king josiah’s spiritual reforms
-these reforms got rid of idols and turned the people back to God
mega themes of zephaniah
-day of judgment
-indifference to God
-day of cheer
haggai’s purpose
-to call the people to complete the rebuilding of the temple
haggai’s author
-haggai
date of haggai
520 BCE
location of haggai
-jerusalem in yehud (persian province that was the majority of what was judah)
what is the significance of yehud?
-before the exile the people were called israelites
-after they were called jews dervied from yehud
-their identity changed
key people in haggai
-haggai
-zerubabel
-joshua (high priest)
political and social context of haggai
-the exiles in babylon returned to settle and build the temple
-the work on the temple stopped because they were struggling with starvation, poverty, and pressure from antagonistic neighbors,
mega themes in haggai
-right priorities
-God’s encouragment
purpose of zechariah
-to give hope to God’s people by revealing His future deliverance through the Messiah
author of zechariah
-zechariah son of berechiah son of iddo
date of zechariah
520-518 BCE
location of zechariah
jerusalem
political and social context of zechariah
-many exile had returned from babylon to settle the land and rebuild the temple
-it was a discouraging time because there was economic difficulty, spiritual confusion, and military insecurity
-zechariah and haggai encouraged the people to be faithful together
mega themes of zechariah
-God’s jealousy
-rebuild the temple
-the king is coming
-God’s protection
malachi’s purpose
-to confront the people with their sins
-to restore their relationship with God
author of malachi
malachi
date of malachi
515-445 BCE
location of malachi
jerusalem
political and social context of malachi
-the temple has been rebuilt but the people spiritual fervor has fizzled
-the people are discouraged and careless in their worship
-they continue to be controlled by the persian empire
mega themes of malachi
-God’s love
-the sin of the people
-the sin of the priests
-the Lord’s coming
