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bible > bible test ch. 1 and 2 > Flashcards

bible test ch. 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

testament

A

-written account of a covenant
-old and new testament = old and new covenant

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2
Q

ancestors

A

-sometimes referred to as the patriarchs or matriarchs
-includes abraham/ sarah, isaac/ rebekah, jacob/rachel/leah

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2
Q

bce

A

-an abbreviation for “before the common era”
-is used in place of bc (before christ) in academic studies

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3
Q

israel

A

-the entire people descended from abraham and sarah
-the northern kindgom centered in samaria
-a symbolic name given to jacob

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4
Q

egypt

A

-an ancient imperial power in northeast africa
-organized around the nile river

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5
Q

exodus

A

-the second book of the pentateuch
-describes the liberation of the israelities from the oppressive rule of pharoah
-also describes the giving of the law at mount sinai

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6
Q

the law

A

-the law of moses
-any regulations the jewish people understood as delineating faithfulness to God in terms of the coveneant he had made with israel
-used synonymously with torah

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7
Q

judges

A

-the translation of hebrew term more properly translated as “deliverers” or “saviors”
-the people who goverened over israel before the united monarchy

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8
Q

canaanite

A

-a term used to describe the inhabitants of the holy land prior to israels emergence there

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9
Q

judah

A

-the southern kingdom centered in jerusalem

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10
Q

northern kingdom

A

-10 tribes that broke away from judah after solomon’s reign
-it had alternative cultic sites at dan and bethel

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11
Q

sacrifice

A

-the offering of something valuable
-ex. crops from a filed or an animal from one’s flock
-an expression of worship

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12
Q

assyria

A

-the northern mesopotamian empire
-had a significant imipact on the northern and southern kingdoms of israel and judah especially during the 8th and 7th centuries bce

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13
Q

samaritans

A

-semitic people who lived in samaria at the time of Jesus and claimed to be the true israel
-descendants of tribes taken into captivity by the assyrians

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14
Q

exile

A

-shorthand for the 6th century bce period in which many jews were forcibly deported from the holy land and relocated to mesopotamia
-most notably babylon

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15
Q

babylon

A

-a southern mesopotamian power
-responsible for the deportation of jews to mesopotamia

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16
Q

exiles

A

-in israelite history, the jews who were deported to mesopotamia after jerusalem was conquered by babylon

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17
Q

cyrus the great

A

-persian emperor
-conquered the ancient near east
-permittd exiled jews to return to their land and rebuild their temple

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18
Q

persia

A

-a large area of mesopotamia
-north of the persian gulf
-the center of the persian empire which ruled portions of the anccient near east form 539- 332 bce

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19
Q

ce

A

-a abbreviation for “common era”
-typically used for dates in place of ad (“in the year of the lord”)

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20
Q

second temple period

A

-the era in jewish history between the dedication of the second jerusalem temple in 515 bce and its destruction in 70 ce

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21
Q

synagogue

A

-a congregation of jews who gather for worship, prayer, and bible study
-a place where they gather for these purposes

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22
Q

diaspora

A

-jews living in exile outside the holy land
-aka the dispersion

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23
Q

torah

A

-the law of moses
-the pentateuch
-the first five books of the hebrew bible

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24
Q

ancient near east

A

-geographical area that runs east to west form turkey to the arabian peninsula

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25
Q

hellenistic

A

-affected by hellenism
-the invluence of greek and roman culture, customs, philosophy, and modes of thought
-ex. jewish people were said to be “hellenized” when they adopted greco-roman customs or came to believe porpositions derived from greek philosophy

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26
Q

seleucids

A

-the syrian dynastic family that rule palestine during the years 198- 167 bce

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27
Q

antiochus iv epiphanes

A

-a 2nd century bce king of the seleucid empire
-was responsible for religiously persecuting jews living in judea
-these events influenced the latter chapters of the book of daniel

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28
Q

hasmoenean

A

-the family name of the jewish rebels wo led a successful revolt against the syrians in 167 bce

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29
Q

principalities

A

-powerful spiritual beings that excersize their influence in a dimension not perceptabe to human senses

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30
Q

ptolemies

A

-the egyptian dynastic family that ruled palestine during the years 320- 198 bce

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31
Q

pentateuch

A

-the first 5 books of the bible
-sometimes called the torah
-genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, deuteronomy

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32
Q

holy land

A

-a term used to describe the land promised to abraham and sarah and their descendants

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33
Q

aram

A

-the ancestors of the armeans
-according the bible it also sometimes describes a geographical location referring to the aramic city state of damascus or locations where arameans live

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34
Q

neo-assyrian

A

-an empire based in northern mesopotamia
-ruled much of the ancient near east from the middle of the 8th century bce until 609 bce

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35
Q

neo-babylonian empire

A

-an empire based in southern mesopotamia
-ruled much of the ancient near east from 612-539 bce

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36
Q

yehud

A

-a term fort eh province of judah during the persian period

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37
Q

priests

A

-in second temple jerusalem they were people authorized to oversee the sacrificial system in the jerusalem temple
-closely associated with the saducees

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38
Q

prophet

A

-someone claiming to bear a message from a divine sourcw

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39
Q

second temple judaism

A

-a general term for the diverse culture, practices, and beliefs of jewish people during the second temple period
-this was from 515 bce- 70 ce

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40
Q

jordan river

A

-a marjor river system in israel running north to south
-connected the sea of galilee to the dead sea

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41
Q

transjordan

A

-the georgraphic region of israel east of the jordan river

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42
Q

polytheism

A

-the belief that there are multiple gods

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43
Q

henotheism

A

-a belief in mulitple gods
-also believe that 1 god rules over all others

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44
Q

monolatry

A

-the worship of a single god
-do not deny the existence of others

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45
Q

monotheism

A

-the belief that there is only one God

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46
Q

judaism

A

-a general term for the religious systems and beliefs of jewish people
-in Jesus’ day there were varieties of judaism
-they all shared fundamental deas and practices

47
Q

demon

A

-an evil or uncleann spirit
-capable of possesing people and incapacitating them with some form of illness or disability

48
Q

anoint

A

-to use oil to symbolize the selection of a royal figure

49
Q

iron age

A

-the period of human culture from 1200 ce to 586 ce
-the period in which israel developed form a loose confederation of tribes into a kingdom

50
Q

scribes

A

-professionsal skilled in teaching, copying, and interpreting texts
-in second temple judaism they were closely associated with the pharisees

51
Q

genre

A

-a type or form of literature
-(ex. poetry, letter, narrative)

52
Q

scripture

A

-the sacred writings of the bible
-believed to be inspired by God
-viewed as authoritative for faith and practice

53
Q

tanak

A

-an acronym for the jewish bible
-torah (pentateuch), nevi’im (prophets), and ketuvim (writings)

54
Q

canon

A

-literally “rule” or “standard”
-refers to an authoritative list of books offically accepted as scripture

55
Q

septuagint

A

-a greek tarnslation of the old testament
-produced during the last 3 centuries bce
-abbreviated lxx
-included 15 ectra books taht the protestant call the apocrypha
-eleven of these are classed as deutetronomical writings by roman catholics

56
Q

protestant reformation

A

-a religious movement of the 16th century
-sought t reform roman catholic church
-led to the establishment of protestant churches

57
Q

sadducees

A

-one of the major jewish groups during the second temple period
-closely related with the temple in jerusalem
-concerned with maintaining the sacrifical system
-most priests were sadducees

58
Q

faith

A

-a strong belief in god or religious doctrines
-often an reitnatino of complete trust and confidence in God
-transforms one’s life and being

59
Q

compositional history

A

-a description of how a text came to be in its present form

60
Q

manuscript

A

-in biblical studies it is a handwritten document containing a portion of the bible

61
Q

vulgate

A

-a latin translation fo the bible
-produced by jerome in the 4th century ce
-virtually the only bible used in western christianity for over a thousand years

62
Q

apocrypha

A

-books of the old testament with varying degrees of scriptural status and authority among the protestant, roman catholic, and orthodox christians
-many of these books are included int eh septuagint writings

63
Q

deuterocanonical writings

A

-a term used primarily by roman catholics
-refers to eleven of the fifteen books that protestants call the apocrypha
-the books are regarded as “secondary canon”
-part of scripture but distinct from both old and new testament writings

64
Q

persecution

A

-a program or campaign to exterminate, drive away, or subjugate people based on their membership in a religious ethnic, or social group

65
Q

maccabees

A

-literally “hammers”
-the nickname given to jewish rebels who led a successful revolt against the syrians in 167 bce

66
Q

wisdom literature/ wisdom tradition

A

-biblical and other ancient materials
-focus on common-sense observations about life
-examples include proverbs, job, and ecclesiastes

67
Q

vision

A

-a revelatory, visual medium
-typically experienced by prophets and apocalyptic visionaries

68
Q

dead sea scrolls

A

-a collection of jeish documents copied and preserved between 250 bce and 70 ce

69
Q

qumran

A

-a site in palestine near the dead sea
-it is believed the essenes had their monastic community there
-many of the dead sea scrolls were found in close proximity to this settlement

70
Q

oral tradition

A

-material passed on by word of mouth
-early christians relied on oral tradition and written sources when writing the gospels

71
Q

pharaoh

A

-the tradition title for the king of egypt

72
Q

deuteronomistic/ deuteronomy history

A

-an academic term for the narrative unit from deuteronomy through kings

73
Q

pharisees

A

-one of the major jewish groups
-active during the second temple period
-associated with synagouges
-placed high value on faithfulness to the torah
-most rabbis and many scribes were pharisees

74
Q

essenes

A

-ascetic separatist jews
-lived in private communities
-probably identified with the group that lived at qumran and preserved a library of manuscripts known as the dead sea scrolls

75
Q

rabbis

A

-jewish teachers
-many had disciples or followers
-closely associated with the pharisees

76
Q

talmud

A

-a collection of 63 books
-contain jewish civil and canonical law
-based on interpretations of scripture

77
Q

mishnah

A

-a collection of rabbinic discussions
-about the interprestation of the law of moses
-forms one major part of the jewish talmud

78
Q

social location

A

-a person’s social identity in terms of age, gender, race, nationality, social class, marital status

79
Q

what was the first time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-period of the ancestors
-prior to 1500 bce

80
Q

what was the second time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-slavery in egypt and the exodus
-1500 -1240 bce

81
Q

what was the third time period of the jewish history and when was it from?

A

-emergence of isreal and settlement in the land
-1200-1000 bce

82
Q

what was the fourth time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-united monarchy
-1025- 922 bce

83
Q

what was the fifth time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-divided monarchy
-922- 586 bce

84
Q

what was the sixth time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-northern kingdom
-922- 722/21 bce

85
Q

what was the seventh time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-southern kingdom
-922-586 bce

86
Q

what was the eight time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-exile
-586- 537 bce

87
Q

what was the ninth time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-persian period
-539-333 bce

88
Q

what was the tenth time period of jewish history and when was it from?

A

-hellenistic period
-332- 63 bce

89
Q

who were the kings of the united monarchy?

A

-saul
-david
-solomon

90
Q

what two tribes made up judah?

A

-judah
-benjamin

91
Q

who was the key ruler of the assyrian empire?

A

-shalemaneser II

92
Q

who was the key ruler of the babylonian empire?

A

-nebuchadnezzar

93
Q

what year was the northern kingdom captured?

A

722 bce

94
Q

what year was the southern kingdom captured?

A

597 bce

95
Q

what year was the second temple completed?

A

515 bce

96
Q

which countries share a border with israel?

A

-syria
-moab
-edom
-ammon
-phoencia

97
Q

which mountains were important to israel’s history?

A

-mt carmel
-mt sinai
-mt hermon
-mt samaria?

98
Q

what was the diet of the israelites like?

A

-bread
-wine
-olive oil
-grains
-rarely ate meat
-ate other fruits, veggies, and dairy products taht were seasonal

99
Q

what crops did israelities grow?

A

-grapes
-olives
-grains
-other seasonal fruits and veggies
-beans

100
Q

which tribe was made into the priests and was not given a land?

A

-levi or the levites

101
Q

what does tanak mean in ancient hebrew?

A

-torah
-nevi’im
-ketuvim

102
Q

what books make up the torah?

A

-genesis
-exodus
-leviticus
-numbers
-deuteronomy

103
Q

what books make up the historical books?

A

-joshua
-judges
-ruth
-1 & 2 samuel
-1 & 2 kings
-1 & 2 chronicles
-ezra
-nehemiah
-esther

104
Q

what books make up the wisdom and poetry books?

A

-job
-psalms
-proverbs
-ecclesiastes
-song of solomon

105
Q

what books make up the major prophets?

A

-isaiah
-jeremiah
-lamentations
-ezekiel
-daniel

106
Q

what books make up the minor prophets?

A

-hosea
-joel
-amos
-obadiah
-jonah
-micah
-nahum
-habakkuk
-zepaniah
-haggai
-zecharaiah
-malachi

107
Q

what is the date of origins of the dead sea scrolls?

A

-they were created from 250 bce to 70 ce

108
Q

what was the name of the group who created and preserved the dead sea scrolls?

A

-the essenes

109
Q

what is the oldest texts in the bible?

A

-the songs:
-testament of jacob
-songs of moses and miriam
-exodus 34:6-7 (early creedal fragment)
-moses’ farwell blessing
-psalm 68
-song of the bow

110
Q

what is the masoretic text/ tradition?

A

-the modern versions of the tanak are based on these sources
-hebrew texts created by the masoretes
-the leningrad codex and the aleppo codex are the best ones

111
Q

who were the masoretes?

A

-a group of scribes responsible for creating a system of marginal notes
-also copied and preserved the hebrew consonantal texts
-developed symbols for vowels, accents, and cantillation marks
-made the masoretic manuscripts like the leningrad and aleppo codexes

112
Q

what is biblical authority?

A

-refers to the fact that the word is from God/ inspired by him
-the chapter and verse numbers themselves are not inspired by him

113
Q

what is the three- part jewish canon?

A

-tanak
-torah (law)
-nevi’im (prophets)
-ketuvim (writings)

114
Q

what is the five- part christian canon?

A

-pentateuch
-historical books
-poetry
-major prophets
-minor prophets

115
Q

what are the lengingrad and aleppo codexes?

A

-masoretic manuscripts
-aleppo codex is the oldest, mostly complete text of the tanak
-leningrad is the complete manuscript while the aleppo is missing the pnetateuch and most of the writings

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