major and minor connectors

Question 1

that component of a partial denture which joins the minor connectors and their attached assemblies together to form a solid unit

Answer 1

major connector

Question 2

3 important parts of major connector

Answer 2

1. counter leverage
2. cross-arch stabilization
3. unification of components

Question 3

bracing elements on one side of the arch providing stability to the other

Answer 3

cross-arch stabilization (counterleverage)

Question 4

-function as one unit
-broad stress distribution
-reduce torque
-avoid tissue damage

flexibility=force concentration

Answer 4

rigidity

Question 5

-should not enter undercut areas
-avoid by changing path of insertion or by using blockout

this is example of:

Answer 5

non-interference with tissues

Question 6

with non-interference with tissues, avoid terminating on:

Answer 6

1. free gingival margin
   -cross abruptly at 90 degrees
   -relief is used to minimize impingement
2. lingual frenum and the movable soft palate
   -soft tissue movements must also be allowed
   -careful intraoral exam

Question 7

minimize food impaction by

Answer 7

1. locating margins away from the free gingival margin
   -elminate traps or large concavities food gets stuck

Question 8

have unobtrusive, smooth transition from connector to denture which is known as

Answer 8

butt joint

Question 9

line angles of edges should be:
borders should not interfere with:

Answer 9

smooth and rounded
speech

Question 10

maxillary major connectors

borders are placed parallel to a minimum of ___mm from gingival margin.

is relief required?
how should sit on rugae?

Answer 10

6mm

no relief required
anterior borders follow valleys between rugae

Question 11

with max major connector, anterior and posterior borders should cross at the midline at:

the borders are beaded how thick:

Answer 11

midline at right angle
0.75mm wide and deep

Question 12

to avoid tissue impingement should be
___mm from gingival crest(for max)
___mm from gingival crest (for mand)
and cross at what angle to the gingival margin

Answer 12

6mm max
3mm mand
right angle

Question 13

what are the 4 max major connectors

Answer 13

palatal strap
palatal plate
anterior-posterior strap
horseshoe or U

Question 14

what are the indications of using a palatal strap for max connector?

Answer 14

-tooth supported situations like class III
-small posterior edentulous areas
-minimal tissue supported required
8-10 mm anterior to posterior

Question 15

contraindications of using a palatal strap for max connector

Answer 15

-distal extensions like class I or II
-severe palatal undercuts
-large tori
-if need to replace anterior teeth
-when need tissue support

Question 16

advantages and disadvantages of palatal strap

Answer 16

advantages
-good support and rigidity
-distribute stress of mastication over wider area

disadvantages
-coverage of palate may cause discomfort and interfere with phonetics

Question 17

location of palatal strap

Answer 17

anterior border follows valley between rugae at right angle to median suture

posterior border at right angle to median suture

4 principle rests
8-10 mm wide??

Question 18

indications of palatal plate

Answer 18

1. long-span distal extension w or w/o anterior tooth replacement
2. flat residual ridges
3. periodontally weakened abutments

Question 19

contraindications of palatal plate

Answer 19

tori

Question 20

advantages and disadvantages of palatal plate

Answer 20

adv
-optimum support and rigidity
-increases retention

disadv
-cant be used with tori
-covers palate and may diminish taste
-difficult to cast

Question 21

location of palate plate

Answer 21

-anterior border between rugae valleys and at right angle to median suture

-posterior border extends to junction of soft and hard palate

Question 22

what are the indications of anterior-posterior palatal strap

Answer 22

-have tori
-strong, widely separated abutments
-distal extension RPDs; distal extension RPDs also replacing anterior teeth

Question 23

what are the contraindications of anterior-posterior palatal strap

Answer 23

-if pt has high narrow vaults
-phonetic interference
-bulky straps

Question 24

adv for anterior-posterior palatal strap

Answer 24

adv
-minimal tissue coverage
-rigid
-straps in 2 planes

Question 25

the anterior-posteriors palatal straps width are: and palatal opening to be beneficial, the space should be how wide: the posterior strap distal extension should be to:

Answer 25

6-8mm 15mm open to vibrating line and extended through hamular notches -tooth supported not more posterior than distal abutment

Question 26

indications of horseshoe or U

Answer 26

**in a very high vault palate! -large torus -anterior tooth replacement -pt is intolerant of palatal coverage

Question 27

contraindications of horseshoe or U shaped

Answer 27

-least rigid max connector; therefore anytime another connector may be used

Question 28

adv and disadv of horseshoe or u shaped

Answer 28

adv can replace missing anteriors conforms to pts previous experience disadv -requires additional bulk for rigid -can interfere with speech -even with rest may lack support causing tissue impingement

Question 29

location of horseshoe/u shaped

Answer 29

anterior borders: terminates in valley of rugae at right angle to suture or cingulum of teeth extending contact point to contact point posterior borders: located at turning point of palate

Question 30

a prepared groove on the master cast along the designated borders of the max major connectors this produces a positive ____ on the major connector of the RPD

Answer 30

beading of the max cast bead

Question 31

what are the functions of beading the max cast

Answer 31

-increased rigidity -guide for finishing -compensates for csating inaccuracies -displaces soft tissue, preventing food/fluid collection

Question 32

what are the 3 mand major connectors

Answer 32

lingual bar lingual plate labial bar

Question 33

what are the indications of a lingual bar

Answer 33

whenever possible -depth of at least 7mm measured from lowest point of gingival margins to floor of mouth is required!

Question 34

contraindications of lingual bar

Answer 34

-shallow floor of mouth and prominent frenum -inoperable tori -teeth in linguversion -teeth need stabilization

Question 35

adv and disadv of lingual bar

Answer 35

adv: covers the minimum of the tissues disadv: may be flexible

Question 36

location of lingual bar

Answer 36

superior borders 3-4mm inferior to free gingival margin bar height 4-5mm inferior border at height of lingual sulcus with tongue slightly elevated

Question 37

indications for lingual plate

Answer 37

[this is on teeth] use this when cant use lingual bar -if less than 7mm from gingival margins to floor of mouth -future replacement of anterior teeth -bilateral distal extension with flat residual ridges

Question 38

contraindications for lingual plate

Answer 38

-severely crowded anterior teeth -prominent diastemas -teeth in linguoversion

Question 39

lingual plate advantages

Answer 39

adv: more rigid than lingual bar

Question 40

location for lingual plate

Answer 40

superior border contacts cingula of anterior teeth extending from contact point to contact point inferior border at height of alveolar lingual sulcus with tongue elevated must be supported by rests at terminal ends

Question 41

indications of labial bar

Answer 41

lingually inclined anterior or posterior teeth prominent superiorly located inoperable tori

Question 42

that component of a partial denture which joins the major connector with other parts of the framework

Answer 42

minor connector

Question 43

minor connect joins: to the major connector

Answer 43

-clasp assembly -indirect retainers or auxiliary rests -the denture base

Question 44

this serves as an approach arm for a vertical projection or bar type clasp

Answer 44

minor connector

Question 45

4 functions of minor connectors

Answer 45

-transfers functional stress to abutments -transfers effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing components to the rest of the denture -unites retainers, rests, and denture base to major connector -helps to resist lateral movement

Question 46

minor connector requirements

Answer 46

1. rigid with minimal bulk 2. located in embrasure 3. triangular in shape 4. thickest toward lingual 5. joins major connector at right angle 6. tapers to contact point 7. smooth and rounded 8. minimum of 5 mm between vertical connectors

Question 47

portion of framework that contacts the proximal side of the tooth, is also considered a minor connector

Answer 47

proximal plate