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partial removable > major and minor connectors > Flashcards

major and minor connectors Flashcards

1
Q

major connector

A

That component of a partial denture
which joins the minor connectors and
their attached assemblies together
to form a solid unit

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2
Q

purposes of a major connector

A
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3
Q

• Cross-Arch Stabilization (Counterleverage)

A

– Bracing elements on one side of the arch providing stability to the other

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4
Q

requirements of major connectors

A

rigidity and location

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5
Q

functions of major connector rigidity
functions as?
stress distribution?
torque?
tissue damage?

A

• Functions as one unit
• Broad stress distribution
• Reduce torque
• Avoid tissue damage

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6
Q

flexibility of major connector may allow for?

A

force concentration

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7
Q

major connector Non-Interference with Tissues
how to avoid this?

A

– Should not enter undercut areas
• avoid by changing path of insertion or by using blockout

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8
Q

major connectors should avoid terminating on what tissues?

A

free gingival margin
lingual frenum
soft palate

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9
Q

major connectors crossing gingival margins
minimizing impingment?

A

cross at abruptly 90 degrees
minimized impingement with relief

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10
Q

Minimizing major connector Food Impaction
locate away from?
eliminate what?

A

• Locate margins away from the FGM
• Eliminate “traps” or large concavities where food can collect

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11
Q

making major connectors unobtrusive

A

smooth transition from the connector to the base
smooth line angles
no border interferences with speech

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12
Q

where to place major connector borders from the gingival margins

A

6mm from the margin

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13
Q

where to place relief on gingival. margins

A

only where connector crosses

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14
Q

anterior of max major conn borders follow what?

A

valleys of the rugae

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15
Q

how should the major connector borders cross the midline

A

at right angles

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16
Q

thickness of major connector

A

uniform

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17
Q

beading of the connector borders

A

Borders beaded: 1.5 mm wide & 1mm deep
– Displaces soft tissue, seals border (helps maintain tissue contact). Also, provides additional strength (for maxillary major connectors)

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18
Q

avoiding tissue impingement deminsions

A

–6mm from gingival crest (Maxillary)
–3mm from gingival crest (Mandibular)
–Cross at right angles to the gingival margins

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19
Q

what to avoid location wise for a major connector

A

• Tissue impingement
• Ending on crests of rugae
• Irritation of surface eminences during insertion / removal
• Ending on incisal 1/3 of anterior teeth

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20
Q

improper location of the major connector coudl cause

A

Food impaction
• Occlusal interferences
• Speech interference
• Gagging
• Tongue irritation

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21
Q

MAXILLARY MAJOR CONNECTORS types

A

Palatal Strap
Palatal Plate
Anterior-Posterior Strap
Horseshoe or “U”

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22
Q

Palatal Strap
- Indications -

A

• Tooth supported situations -Class III
• Small posterior edentulous areas
• Minimal tissue support required
• Patient preference

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23
Q

how wide must the palatal strap be for rigidity

A

8-10mm

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24
Q

Palatal Strap
- Contraindications -

A

• Distal extension situations –Class I or II
• Severe palatal undercuts
• Large torus
• RPD to replace anterior teeth
• When definitive support from palatal tissue is required

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25
Q

Palatal Strap
- Advantages -

A

• Excellent support and rigidity
• Distribute stress of mastication over a wider area

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26
Q

Palatal Strap
- Disdvantages -

A

discomfort and interference with phoetics

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27
Q

Palatal Strap
- Location -

A

• Anterior border follows valley between rugae at right angle to median suture
• Posterior border at right angle to median suture
• Confined to area bounded by four principle rests

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28
Q

palatal plate indications

A

• Long-span distal extension RPDs with or without anterior tooth replacement
• Flat residual ridges
• Periodontally weakened abutments

29
Q

Palatal Plate
- Contraindications -

A

• Severely undercut
torus

30
Q

Palatal Plate
- Advantages -

A

Optimum support and rigidity
Increase retention due to increased interfacial surface tension

31
Q

Palatal Plate
- Disadvantages -

A

• Can not be used with torus
• Coverage of the palate may diminish taste, interfere with phonetics.
• Difficult to cas

32
Q

Palatal Plate
- Location -

A

• Anterior border between rugae valleys and at right angle to median
suture
• Posterior border :Extends to junction of soft and hard palate

33
Q

Anterior-Posterior Palatal Strap
- Indications -

A

• Circumvent a torus
• Strong, widely separated abutments (Distal extension RPDs; Distal extension RPDs also replacinganterior teeth)

34
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Contraindications -

A

• SOME maxillary designs due to narrow bulky straps
• Patients with high narrow vaults
• Phonetic interference

35
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap
- Advantages -

A

• Structurally, very rigid - straps in 2 planes
• Minimal tissue coverage

36
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap
- Disadvantages -

A

• Large amount of border area to blend

37
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap demensions

A

• Anterior/posterior straps – 6-8 mm wide
• For palatal opening to be beneficial, the space between anterior & posterior straps should be 15 mms.

38
Q

Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Location -Posterior strap

A

– distal extension to vibrating line and extended through hamular notches
– tooth supported not more posterior than distal abutment

39
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Indications -

A

• **In very high vault palate **
• Large inoperable torus
• Anterior tooth replacement
• Patient is intolerant of palatal coverage

40
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Contraindications -

A

• The Least Rigid maxillary connector, therefore ANYTIME another connector may be used

41
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Advantages -

A

• Can be designed to replace missing anteriors
• Conforms to patient’s previous experience

42
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Disadvantages -

A

• Requires additional bulk for rigidity
• Can interfere with patient’s tongue/speech
• Even with rest, may lack support causing possible tissue impingement

43
Q

Horseshoe or U-shaped
- Location -

A

• Anterior border:
– terminates in valley of rugae at right angle to suture, or;
– on the cingula of teeth extending contact point to contact point
• Posterior border located at the turning point of the palate

44
Q

BEADING OF THE MAXILLARY CAST

A

A prepared groove on the master cast along the designated borders of maxillary major connector
This produces a positive bead on the major connector of the RPD

45
Q

BEADING OF THE
MAXILLARY CAST
- functions -

A

• Increased rigidity
• Guide for finishing
• Compensates for casting inaccuracies
• Displaces soft tissue, preventing food/fluid collection

46
Q

BEADING OF THE
MAXILLARY CAST
- form -

A

• 1/2 round
• 1 mm deep and 1.5 mm wide
• Feathers out to nothing 6 mm from free gingival margin
• Shallower over mid-palatal suture

47
Q

MANDIBULAR MAJOR CONNECTORS types

A

Lingual bar
Lingual plate
Labial bar

48
Q

Lingual bar
- Indications -
required measurement?

A

• Whenever possible, if no contraindications are evident
• A depth of at least 7 mm measured from the lowest point of the gingival margins to the floor of the mouth is required

49
Q

Lingual bar
- Contraindications -

A

• Shallow floor of mouth and prominent frenum
• Inoperable tori
• Teeth in linguoversion
• Teeth require stabilization
• RPD requires additional stabilization
• RPD requires benefit of additional indirect retention
• Contingency planning

50
Q

Lingual bar
- Advantages -

A

• Covers the minimum of the tissues

51
Q

Lingual bar
- Disadvantages -

A

• It may be flexible if poorly
constructed

52
Q

Lingual bar
- Location -

A

• Superior border 3-4 mm inferior to free gingival margin
• Inferior border at height of lingual sulcus with tongue slightly elevated
• Bar height is 4-5 mm

53
Q

measuring Inferior Border Mandible

A

• Patient lifts tongue
–Activates floor of mouth
• Measure from tip of probe to free gingival margin

54
Q

Lingual plate- Indications -
anticipated replacement of?
retention?
ridge shape?
tori?
pt?

A

Insufficient lingual vestibular space for lingual bar (less than 7 mm from gingival margins to the floor of the mouth)
• Anticipated future replacement of anterior teeth
• Indirect retention
• Bilateral distal extension with flat residual ridges (Provide resistance against horizontal movements)
• Presence of mandibular tori
• Patient preference

55
Q

Lingual plate
- Contraindications

A

• Adequate depth to floor of the mouth for a bar
• Prominent diastemas (large interdental spaces)
• Severely anterior crowding
• No additional requirement for indirect retention
• Patient preference
• Teeth in linguoversion

56
Q

Lingual plate
- Advantages -

A

• More rigid than lingual bar

57
Q

Lingual plate
- Disadvantages -

A

• Covers teeth and tissue
• Compromised oral hygiene “possible increase enamel decalcification”
• More metal to fit, more difficult to fit the framework
• Esthetic with diastemas (however, can modify plate to overcome)

58
Q

Lingual plate- Location -
what is required at ends?

A

• Superior border contacts cingula of anterior teeth extending from contact
point to contact point
• Inferior border at height of alveolar lingual sulcus with tongue elevated
• Must be supported by rests at terminal ends

59
Q

Labial bar
- Indications -

A

• Lingually inclined anterior or posterior teeth
• Prominent, superiorly located inoperable tori

60
Q

labial bar - Contraindications -

A

Where tooth positioning will
permit another connector

61
Q

labial bar advantages

A

Permits an RPD to be fabricated

62
Q

labial bar disadvantages

A

Difficult to fabricate
Must be bulky to be rigid
Not esthetic
Traps food in vestibular area

63
Q

Labial bar
- Location -

A

• Superior border is at least 4 mm from buccal and labial free gingival margin
• Inferior border is located at the junction of the attached and unattached mucosa

64
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR

A

That component of a
partial denture which
joins the major
connector with other
parts of the framework

65
Q

minor connector joins what to the major connector

A

– the clasp assembly
– indirect retainers or auxiliary rests
– the denture base

66
Q

minor connector role in bar type clasps

A

Serves as an approach arm for a vertical projection or bar type clasp

67
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR Functions
transfers functional stresses to?
Transfers effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing components to?
unites what components?
resists what type of movement?

A

• Transfers functional stress to abutments
• Transfers effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing components to the rest of the denture (abutment to prosthesis)
• Unites retainers, rests and denture base to the major connector
• Helps to resist lateral movement

68
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR REQUIREMENTS
rigid/bulk?
shape?
thickest toward?
angle to join major?
tapers to?
smooth?
minimum between vertical components?

A

• Rigid with minimal bulk
• Located in embrasure
• Triangular in shape
• Thickest toward lingual
• Joins major connector at right angle
• Tapers to contact point
• Smooth and rounded
• Minimum of 5mm between vertical connectors

69
Q

MINOR CONNECTOR
REQUIREMENTS
• Cover minimal?
• Cross gingiva at?
• Must not impinge on?
• Contact?
• Minimal interference with?

A

• Cover minimal gingival tissue
• Cross gingiva at right angle
• Must not impinge on tissue
• Contact guiding plane surfaces
• Minimal interference with denture tooth placement

partial removable (14 decks)

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