Major anatomical features of the brain Flashcards
This is the largest part of the brain in mammals
Cerebrum
It conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the body
Spinal Cord
These structures lie between the frontal bones and the central sulcus and above the eye orbits.
Frontal Lobes
These structures lie between the parietal bones and the central sulcus.
Parietal Lobes
This lobe lies between the occipital bone and the parieto-occipital sulcus.
Occipital Lobe
Located above the medulla on the brain stem. It works with the medulla to control respiration and helps regulate sleep.
Pons
It begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the conus medullaris in the the lumbar region.
It is located in the vertebral foramen
Spinal Cord
It functions to receive and interpret visual signals
Occipital Lobe
This lobe functions in memory, vision, learning, hearing, and emotional behavior
Temporal Lobe
These are the thick folds in the surface of the cerebrum.
Gyri
These are the shallow groves in the surface of the cerebrum
Sulci
This fissure is a deep groove separating the cerebrum into the right and left halves.
Longitudinal Fissure
The Longitudinal Fissure divides the cerebrum the?
Cerebral Hemispheres
The second largest part of the brain in mammals
Cerebellum
The oculomotor, trochlear, and trigeminal cranial nerves originate here
Midbrain
This structure has motor functions, but also deal with aggression, mood, foresight, motivation, and social judgements.
Frontal Lobes
Divided into anterior and posterior portions
- Anterior portion produces hormones which regulate other endocrine glands and directly affect target cells
- posterior portion functions to store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus
pituitary gland
It is composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.
Cerebrum
This structure functions to integrate all sensory information from the body, and channels it into proper processing regions in the cerebrum
thalamus
These structures function in integration of sensory information with the exceptions of vision, hearing, and smell
Parietal Lobes
the structure that is the major integration system between various organ systems and the nervous system
hypothalamus
A structure that processes olfactory information and contains centers for reflex movements involved in eating such as chewing, licking, and swallowing.
Mammillary Body
The region that regulates the day/night cycle.
Secretes the hormone melatonin, which effects sleepiness
Pineal Body
The part of the brain that contains the nerve tracts and physically joins the two cerebral hemispheres.
Corpus Collosum
It is the origin for the trigeminal, abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves
Pons
At the base of the brain stem, it contains nerve centers for the regulation of heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and hiccoughing.
Medulla Oblongata
A structure that is located on the bottom-center of the brain where the two optic nerves cross
Optic chiasma
located just below the frontal lobes, they function in the sense of smell
olfactory bulbs
Also called “Mesencephalon”, it is located above the pons and is the smallest part of the brain stem.
Midbrain
An endocrine gland directly attached to the hypothalamus
pituitary gland
This part of the brain is involved in the regulation of posture and balance, fine motor control of skeletal muscles and repetitive movements
Cerebellum
coordinates activities of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and between voluntary and autonomic activities.
It is also attached directly to the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
This lobe lies between the temporal bone and the lateral sulcus
Temporal Lobe
