Maintaining Political Stability (1965-89) Flashcards

1
Q

Who replaced Erhard? What party were they from?

A
  • Kurt Kiesinger
  • CDU/CSU
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe Kiesinger’s government.

A
  • It was a ‘Grand Coalition’ made up of the CDU/CSU and the SPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 3 reasons why the Grand Coalition was formed.

A
  • The economic challenges at the time
  • There was increasing political hostility towards the government
  • The government had become more respressive due to these threats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were 3 economic problems that contributed to the creation of the Grand Coalition?

A
  • The economic dislocation caused by the creation of the Berlin Wall
  • The ending of skilled migrants from the GDR
  • The fear of expanding too quickly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 3 groups that threatened the government.

A
  • Small extremist political parties such as the National Democratic Party (NPD) which was neo-Nazi
  • Students (protests)
  • The German Confederation of Trade Unions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How and why had the government become more repressive?

A
  • In 1968 they amended the Basic Law to establish a committee that could enact emergency measures in the case of a serious threat, such as widespread political unrest (the Emergency Law)
  • The groups threatening the government had become increasingly violent and even radical, in the view of some, such as the CDU/CSU
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were 2 opposing views about the introduction of this emergency law?

A
  • The left saw it to be a return to authoritarianism
  • The SPD had initially been opposed to the introduction of measures such as this one, but voted in favour of it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the results of the 1969 elections?

A
  • Willy Brandt (SPD) became chancellor with an SPD/FDP coalition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was Brandt’s most famous policy?

A
  • Ostpolitik; rejecting the Hallstein Doctrine and building closer relations with the GDR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 2 events that happened as a result of Ostpolitik.

A
  • In 1970 Brandt visited the GDR, and Willy Stoph (minister-president of the GDR) visited the FRG
  • In 1973 they both signed the Basic Treaty, which recognised the other state’s right to exist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happened as a result of Brandt’s policy of Ostpolitik, and why?

A
  • In 1972 the CDU/CSU called for a vote of no-confidence, and had a replacement leader ready
  • They saw Ostpolitik as giving in to communism and preventing German unification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the result of the vote of no-confidence?

A
  • Brandt won by only 2 votes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did the vote of no-confidence show?

A
  • The FRG was a very stable and democratic state, as many citizens were opposed to the removal of an elected government that had maintained its popularity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Brandt do as a result of the vote of no-confidence, and what was the outcome?

A
  • He called for early elections
  • In the highest turnout ever, the SPD won the most seats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the main reason why Brandt won the 1972 elections?

A
  • Ostpolitik was very popular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When was Brandt replaced, and how?

A
  • 1974
  • He resigned after one of his closest advisers was revealed to be a spy for the GDR
17
Q

Who replaced Brandt, and what was significant about this?

A
  • Helmut Schmidt, his economics minister
  • The smooth transition showed the stability of the FRG’s political system
18
Q

How long was Schmidt chancellor for?

A
  • 1974-82
19
Q

What were 2 reasons why Schmidt was elected in the 1976 and 1980 elections?

A
  • He stuck to previous policies such as Ostpolitik
  • There was no viable CDU candidate
20
Q

What were 2 issues Schmidt faced as chancellor?

A
  • He failed to push through economic policies to deal with inflation
  • Growing opposition from the Green Party
21
Q

How did Schmidt’s time as chancellor come to an end?

A
  • The FDP no longer supported him (they were in a coalition together)
  • He was voted out through a constructive vote of no-confidence
22
Q

What was significant about this vote of no-confidence?

A
  • It was the only one to ever happen in the FRG
23
Q

Who replaced Schimdt? What did they do as a result?

A
  • Helmut Kohl (CDU)
  • He called for early elections in 1983 as he hadn’t been elected into the position
24
Q

What were the outcomes of the 1983 elections?

A
  • The CDU/CSU won 49% of the vote, which validated Kohl’s position
  • He formed a coalition with the FDP
25
Q

What 2 policies did Kohl support, and what was surprising about one of them? What can his policies be described as?

A
  • Social market economy
  • Ostpolitik; he reversed his party’s previous position on it
  • Continuity from the work of earlier governments
26
Q

What were 4 issues Kohl faced?

A
  • Opposition in the Bundestag from the Greens
  • The media uncovering corruption scandals about all of the major parties
  • Terrorism
  • Economic problems
27
Q

Why was reunification unlikely even in the late 1980s?

A
  • The East German government was not supportive of the changes in Soviet policy that allowed greater freedom to communist Eastern Europe
28
Q

When were travel restrictions in East Germany lifted? When did Germany reunite?

A
  • November 1989
  • 1990
29
Q

Why were travel restrictions in East Germany ended?

A
  • Hungary opened its borders to the West in 1989
  • Austria didn’t require visas from Hungarian and East German citizens
  • It was then possible for East Germans to travel to West Germany