maintaining life Flashcards
what are plants mostly made of?
1
water
how often do plants need to absorb water?
1
almost always
plants absorb water from…
1
soil
what absorbs the water from the soil?
2
root hair cells
do root hair cells provide a big or small surface area?
1
big
how many cells are the root hair cells connected to?
1
1
what does water absorbed through the root hair cell pass through?
2
cell wall and cell membrane
where does the water go to?
1
cytoplasm
what else goes into the cytoplasm?
2
magnesium and nitrate
how does magnesium and nitrate get into the water?
1
they dissolve in water
are root hair cells different than other plant cells?
1
yes
how does the structure of a root hair cell help carry out it’s function?
5
.it has a large surface area,
.which helps absorb more water
.in the same amount of time
.its cell walls are thin
.which makes it easier to absorb water
why do plants need nitrate and magnesium ions?
2
magnesium is needed for chlorophyll
nitrate is needed for protein
what transports water to the plant?
1
xylem cells
what are xylem vessels?
5
.long, tube-like cells
.they are dead
.all of their contents, like cytoplasm, have disappeared
. all that is left is the cell wall
.but the end cell walls have disappeared
what happens when water reaches a leaf?
1
it goes from the xylem vessel to the leaf cells
what does the chloroplast in leaf cells use water for?
1
phytosynthesis
does chloroplast need a little bit of water or a lot of water?
1
a lot of water
does most of the water stay in the cell?
no
where does most of the water go?
2
it soaks
into the cell wall
what happens to the water that soaks into the cell wall?
1
it turns into water vapor
how does the water vapor get out of the leaf?
1
through the stomata
the loss of water vapor is called…
transpiration
why does most transpiration happen from the underside of a leaf?
because the top of the leaf is where most sunlight hits
the chlorophyll should be at the top of the leaf to maximize photosynthesis.
what happens if a plant cell does not contain enough water?
2
it collapses
this is known as wilting
what are the 4 reasons plants need water?
4
for transport
for cooling
for structure
for photosynthesis
what does excretion mean?
3
getting rid of waste material
that has been part of the body
is excretion a characteristic of every living thing?
1
yes
how does something you eat become part of the body, even if for a short time?
1
it moves out of the digestive system
does feces count as excretion?
1
no
what does excretion include?
3
Carbon dioxide
urea
excess water
where is urea made?
1.5
in liver cells
how is urea made?
2
when we have excess protein,
the liver changes it into urea
how does protein get to the liver?
1
through the blood
What happens when you have too much urea?
2
since it is poisonous,
too much urea can make you ill
what happens after urea is made in the liver cell?
2
it is taken away
into the blood
what removes urea from the body?
2
the kidneys
in the excretory system
what is the excretory system also known as?
1
the renal system
how does urea and excess water get out of the blood?
2
the kidneys
filter it
what happens to the urea when it is filtered through the liver?
3
it dissolves
in the water
which the kidney also filters
when urea is dissolved into water, what is it called?
1
urine
where does the urine go?
2
to the bladder
through the uret er
how does urine get out of your body?
1
through the urethra
why do plants not produce urea
Plants don’t have a well-developed excretory system like animals(humans too)
They do not have special organs for excretion.
