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grade 8 science > maintaining life > Flashcards

maintaining life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are plants mostly made of?
1

A

water

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2
Q

how often do plants need to absorb water?
1

A

almost always

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3
Q

plants absorb water from…
1

A

soil

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4
Q

what absorbs the water from the soil?
2

A

root hair cells

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5
Q

do root hair cells provide a big or small surface area?
1

A

big

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6
Q

how many cells are the root hair cells connected to?
1

A

1

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7
Q

what does water absorbed through the root hair cell pass through?
2

A

cell wall and cell membrane

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8
Q

where does the water go to?
1

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

what else goes into the cytoplasm?
2

A

magnesium and nitrate

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10
Q

how does magnesium and nitrate get into the water?
1

A

they dissolve in water

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11
Q

are root hair cells different than other plant cells?
1

A

yes

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12
Q

how does the structure of a root hair cell help carry out it’s function?
5

A

.it has a large surface area,
.which helps absorb more water
.in the same amount of time

.its cell walls are thin
.which makes it easier to absorb water

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13
Q

why do plants need nitrate and magnesium ions?
2

A

magnesium is needed for chlorophyll

nitrate is needed for protein

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14
Q

what transports water to the plant?
1

A

xylem cells

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15
Q

what are xylem vessels?

              5
A

.long, tube-like cells
.they are dead
.all of their contents, like cytoplasm, have disappeared
. all that is left is the cell wall
.but the end cell walls have disappeared

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16
Q

what happens when water reaches a leaf?
1

A

it goes from the xylem vessel to the leaf cells

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17
Q

what does the chloroplast in leaf cells use water for?
1

A

phytosynthesis

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18
Q

does chloroplast need a little bit of water or a lot of water?
1

A

a lot of water

19
Q

does most of the water stay in the cell?

A

no

20
Q

where does most of the water go?
2

A

it soaks
into the cell wall

21
Q

what happens to the water that soaks into the cell wall?
1

A

it turns into water vapor

22
Q

how does the water vapor get out of the leaf?
1

A

through the stomata

23
Q

the loss of water vapor is called…

A

transpiration

24
Q

why does most transpiration happen from the underside of a leaf?

A

because the top of the leaf is where most sunlight hits

the chlorophyll should be at the top of the leaf to maximize photosynthesis.

25
Q

what happens if a plant cell does not contain enough water?
2

A

it collapses

this is known as wilting

26
Q

what are the 4 reasons plants need water?
4

A

for transport
for cooling
for structure
for photosynthesis

27
Q

what does excretion mean?
3

A

getting rid of waste material

that has been part of the body

28
Q

is excretion a characteristic of every living thing?
1

A

yes

29
Q

how does something you eat become part of the body, even if for a short time?
1

A

it moves out of the digestive system

30
Q

does feces count as excretion?
1

A

no

31
Q

what does excretion include?
3

A

Carbon dioxide

urea

excess water

32
Q

where is urea made?
1.5

A

in liver cells

33
Q

how is urea made?
2

A

when we have excess protein,
the liver changes it into urea

34
Q

how does protein get to the liver?
1

A

through the blood

35
Q

What happens when you have too much urea?
2

A

since it is poisonous,
too much urea can make you ill

36
Q

what happens after urea is made in the liver cell?
2

A

it is taken away
into the blood

37
Q

what removes urea from the body?
2

A

the kidneys
in the excretory system

38
Q

what is the excretory system also known as?
1

A

the renal system

39
Q

how does urea and excess water get out of the blood?
2

A

the kidneys
filter it

40
Q

what happens to the urea when it is filtered through the liver?
3

A

it dissolves
in the water
which the kidney also filters

41
Q

when urea is dissolved into water, what is it called?
1

A

urine

42
Q

where does the urine go?
2

A

to the bladder
through the uret er

43
Q

how does urine get out of your body?
1

A

through the urethra

44
Q

why do plants not produce urea

A

Plants don’t have a well-developed excretory system like animals(humans too)

They do not have special organs for excretion.

grade 8 science (7 decks)

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