maintaining air quality Flashcards
what is the composition of air
nitrogen : 78
oxygen : 21
noble gases : 0.96
carbon dioxide : 0.04
how to calculate the final volume of gas after reaction
initial volume - (21/100x initial volume)
how is liquid air separated
fractional distillation
what happens to liquid air in the cooler and pump
air is cooled and liquified
how is the gas in fractional distillation collected
Top : lowest bp
Bottom : highest bp
air pollution
the introduction of unwanted and harmful chemicals in the atmosphere
is carbon dioxide an air pollutant?
NO. it is a greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming
what happens when nitrogen react with water
no reaction
is oxygen more soluble than nitrogen in water?
yes
what are the 6 examples of air pollutants
carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, methane, unburnt hydrocarbons, ozone
source of carbon monoxide
incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances like petrol
colour of carbon monoxide
colourless, odourless
health effects of carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide combines irreversibly with haemoglobin in red blood cell, reducing ability to transport oxygen around body.
Causes : death, fatigue and headache
Source of sulfur dioxide
combustion of sulfur-containing crude oil
volcanic eruptions
colour of sulfur dioxide
colourless, pungent
health effects of SO2
irritates eyes and lungs, causes breathing difficulties
environment effects of SO2
causes acid rain
source of oxides of nitrogen
lightning activity
vehicle combustion engines where temperature is very high
colour of NO
colourless, odourless
colour of NO2
red-brown, pungent
health effects of NO and NO2
irritates eyes and lungs, cuasing breathing difficulties.
Too much NO2 leads to inflammation of lungs
environmental effects of NO and NO2
causes acid rain
source of methane
waste gases from cattles
anaerobic bacterial decay of organic substances
colour of methane
colourless, flammable
environment effects
greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming
source of unburnt hydrocarbons
unburnt hydrocarbons released in car exhaust flames and chemical plants due to incomplete combustion of fuels
colour of unburnt hydrocarbons
odourless, colourless, may be pungent due to fuel additives
environmental effects of unburnt hydrocarbons
react with NO2 with sunlight in atmosphere to produce Ozone (pollutant)
health effects of unburnt hydrocarbons
irritates eyes, lungs and causes breathing difficulties
source of ozone
lightning activity
reaction of unburnt hydrocarbon with nitrogen dioxide in presence of sunlight in lower atmosphere
oxygen atoms in presence of sunlight in upper atmosphere
colour of ozone
pale blue, pungent
health issue of ozone
irritates eyes and lungs, cuasing breathing difficulties
environment issue of ozone
damage crops by slowing down photosynthesis
why is carbon monoxide a silent killer
silent : odourless, colourless gas
killer : causes death
formation of acid rain
acidic air pollutants react with water in atmosphere to create acid rain
sulfuric acid
sulfur dioxide dissolves in water and oxidised by oxygen
SO2(g) + H2O (l) -> H2SO3(aq)
nitric acid
nitrogen dioxide react with oxygen and water
carbonic acid
carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater
