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chemistry > maintaining air quality > Flashcards

maintaining air quality Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the composition of air

A

nitrogen : 78
oxygen : 21
noble gases : 0.96
carbon dioxide : 0.04

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2
Q

how to calculate the final volume of gas after reaction

A

initial volume - (21/100x initial volume)

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3
Q

how is liquid air separated

A

fractional distillation

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4
Q

what happens to liquid air in the cooler and pump

A

air is cooled and liquified

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5
Q

how is the gas in fractional distillation collected

A

Top : lowest bp
Bottom : highest bp

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6
Q

air pollution

A

the introduction of unwanted and harmful chemicals in the atmosphere

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7
Q

is carbon dioxide an air pollutant?

A

NO. it is a greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming

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8
Q

what happens when nitrogen react with water

A

no reaction

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9
Q

is oxygen more soluble than nitrogen in water?

A

yes

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9
Q

what are the 6 examples of air pollutants

A

carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, methane, unburnt hydrocarbons, ozone

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10
Q

source of carbon monoxide

A

incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances like petrol

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11
Q

colour of carbon monoxide

A

colourless, odourless

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12
Q

health effects of carbon monoxide

A

carbon dioxide combines irreversibly with haemoglobin in red blood cell, reducing ability to transport oxygen around body.
Causes : death, fatigue and headache

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13
Q

Source of sulfur dioxide

A

combustion of sulfur-containing crude oil
volcanic eruptions

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14
Q

colour of sulfur dioxide

A

colourless, pungent

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15
Q

health effects of SO2

A

irritates eyes and lungs, causes breathing difficulties

16
Q

environment effects of SO2

A

causes acid rain

17
Q

source of oxides of nitrogen

A

lightning activity
vehicle combustion engines where temperature is very high

18
Q

colour of NO

A

colourless, odourless

19
Q

colour of NO2

A

red-brown, pungent

20
Q

health effects of NO and NO2

A

irritates eyes and lungs, cuasing breathing difficulties.
Too much NO2 leads to inflammation of lungs

21
Q

environmental effects of NO and NO2

A

causes acid rain

22
Q

source of methane

A

waste gases from cattles
anaerobic bacterial decay of organic substances

23
Q

colour of methane

A

colourless, flammable

24
Q

environment effects

A

greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming

25
Q

source of unburnt hydrocarbons

A

unburnt hydrocarbons released in car exhaust flames and chemical plants due to incomplete combustion of fuels

26
Q

colour of unburnt hydrocarbons

A

odourless, colourless, may be pungent due to fuel additives

27
Q

environmental effects of unburnt hydrocarbons

A

react with NO2 with sunlight in atmosphere to produce Ozone (pollutant)

28
Q

health effects of unburnt hydrocarbons

A

irritates eyes, lungs and causes breathing difficulties

29
Q

source of ozone

A

lightning activity
reaction of unburnt hydrocarbon with nitrogen dioxide in presence of sunlight in lower atmosphere
oxygen atoms in presence of sunlight in upper atmosphere

30
Q

colour of ozone

A

pale blue, pungent

31
Q

health issue of ozone

A

irritates eyes and lungs, cuasing breathing difficulties

32
Q

environment issue of ozone

A

damage crops by slowing down photosynthesis

33
Q

why is carbon monoxide a silent killer

A

silent : odourless, colourless gas
killer : causes death

34
Q

formation of acid rain

A

acidic air pollutants react with water in atmosphere to create acid rain

35
Q

sulfuric acid

A

sulfur dioxide dissolves in water and oxidised by oxygen
SO2(g) + H2O (l) -> H2SO3(aq)

36
Q

nitric acid

A

nitrogen dioxide react with oxygen and water

37
Q

carbonic acid

A

carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater

chemistry (7 decks)

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