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AP Comparative > Main Vocab > Flashcards

Main Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Approach that deals with issues that require value judgment

A

Normative

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2
Q

A model used to compare countries but was stopped using in the 1990s

A

Three world approach

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3
Q

Nations that were economically underdeveloped and deprived

A

Third world nations

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4
Q

The way that citizens organize and define themselves and their interests

A

Civil society

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5
Q

Takes into to consideration not only the ways that politicians operate outside their formal powers, but also how the impact that beliefs, values, and actions of ordinary citizens have on policymaking

A

Informal politics

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6
Q

These countries have well established democratic governments and high level of economic development ie: Great Britain

A

Advanced democracies

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7
Q

These countries have sought to create a system that limits individual freedoms in order to divide wealth more equally

A

Communist and post communist countries

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8
Q

Stable, long lasting organizations that help to turn political ideas into policy ie: bureaucracies, legislatures, judicial systems, and political parties

A

Institutions

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9
Q

The ability to carry out actions or policies within their borders independently from interference either from the inside or the outside.

A

Sovereignty

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10
Q

Group of people bound together by a common political identity

A

Nation

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11
Q

Sense of belonging and identity that distinguishes one nation from another

A

Nationalism

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12
Q

State that contains more than one nation

A

Binational or multinational state

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13
Q

People without a state ie: Kurds

A

Stateless nation

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14
Q

Central are of a state

A

Core area

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15
Q

Outlying areas with smaller towns and factories

A

Periphery

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16
Q

States with more than one core area

A

Multicore states

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17
Q

The rules that a state sets and follows in exerting it’s power

A

Regime

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18
Q

This type of regime bases it’s authority on the will of the people

A

Democracies

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19
Q

Democracies where elected officials represent the people

A

Indirect democracy

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20
Q

Democracy where individuals have immediate say over many decisions that the government makes

A

Direct democracy

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21
Q

Approach based on factual statement and statistics

A

Empirical data

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22
Q

Democracies where citizens vote for legislative representatives, who in turn select the leaders of the executive branch

A

Parliamentary systems

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23
Q

Role that symbolizes the power and nature of the regime

A

Head of state

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24
Q

Role that deals with the everyday tasks of running the government

A

Head of government

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25
Q

Where a prime minister coexists with a president who is directly elected by the people and holds a significant degree of power

A

Semi presidential system

26
Q

A particularly repressive and often detested regime

A

Totalitarianism

27
Q

Nondemocratic rule(prevalent in Latin America) where legitimacy and stability are in question and violence is threatened

A

Military rule

28
Q

Force takeover of the government

A

Coup d etat

29
Q

Method through which labor, business, and other interest groups bargain with the state over economic policy

A

Modern corporatism

30
Q

The means a regime uses to get support from citizens

A

Co optation

31
Q

System in which the state provides specific benefits or favors to a single person or small group in return for public support

A

Patron clientelism

32
Q

A situation in which power is split among many groups that compete for the chance to influence the government’s decision making

A

Pluralism

33
Q

Economist ranks countries around the globe in terms of their democratic practices

A

Democracy index

34
Q

The right to rule as determined by their own citizens

A

Legitimacy

35
Q

Rests upon the belief that tradition should determine who rules and how

A

Traditional legitimacy

36
Q

Based on the dynamic personality of an individual leader or small group

A

Charismatic legitimacy

37
Q

Legitimacy based in system of well established laws and procedures

A

Rational legal legitimacy

38
Q

Rational legitimacy rule based on tradition, past practices, and legal precedents set by the courts through interpretations of statutes, legal legislation, and past rulings

A

Common law

39
Q

Rational legal legitimacy rule based on a comprehensive system of written codes of law

A

Code law

40
Q

The collection of political beliefs, values, practices, and institutions that the government is based on

A

Political culture

41
Q

The amount of reciprocity and trust that exists among citizens and between citizens and the state

A

Social capital

42
Q

Citizens tend to agree on how decisions are made, what issues should be addressed, and how problems should be solved

A

Consensual political culture

43
Q

When citizens are sharply divided, often on both the legitimacy of the regime and solutions to major problems

A

Conflictual political culture

44
Q

Sets of political values held by individuals regarding the basic goals of government and politics

A

Political ideologies

45
Q

Places emphasis on individual political and economic freedom

A

Liberalism

46
Q

Shares the value of equality with communism but is also influenced by the liberal value of freedom. Also accept and promote private ownership and free market principles but believes state has a role to play regulating economy.

A

Socialism

47
Q

Devalues the idea of individual freedom and the value of equality and accepts the idea that people and groups exist in degrees of inferiority and superiority.

A

Fascism

48
Q

A type of change that does not advocate the overthrow of basic institutions

A

Reform

49
Q

Belief that rapid, dramatic changes need to be made in the existing society or political system

A

Radicalism

50
Q

Supports reform and gradual change rather than revolution

A

Liberalism

51
Q

Tend to see change as disruptive and emphasize that is often brings unforeseen outcomes

A

Conservatism

52
Q

Elections that are regular, free, and fair

A

Competitive elections

53
Q

Where citizens have access to multiple sources of information

A

Substantive democracy and liberal democracies

54
Q

Countries that have democratic procedures in place but have significant restrictions on them

A

Illiberal democracies or procedural democracies

55
Q

This occurred in 1970s die to loss of legitimacy, expansion of an urban middle class, emphasis on human rights, and the snowball effect

A

Third wave of democratization

56
Q

Political discontent is generally fueled if the crisis is preceded by a period of relative improvement in the standard of living

A

Revolution of rising expectations

57
Q

A state that progressed from procedural democracy to substantive democracy through democratic consolidation

A

Political liberalization

58
Q

When A ruler agrees to accept power sharing arrangements and the willingness of the people to participate in the process of democratization

A

Democratic consolidation

59
Q

Government owns almost all industrial enterprises and retail sales outlets

A

Command economy

60
Q

Process of limiting the power of the state over private property and market forces

A

Economic liberalization

AP Comparative (5 decks)

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