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AP Comparative > Main Vocab 2 > Flashcards

Main Vocab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Economy with little government interference

A

Market economy

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2
Q

An economy with elements of both command and market aspects

A

Mixed economy

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3
Q

The state’s recreation of a market in which property, labor, goods, and services can all function in a competitive environment to determine their value

A

Marketization

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4
Q

The transfer of state owned property to private ownership

A

Privatization

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5
Q

Divisions based on ethnic or cultural identity

A

Fragmentation

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6
Q

Divisions based on religion, ethnicity, race, social and economic classes

A

Social cleavages

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7
Q

A citizen’s capacity to understand and influence political events

A

Political efficacy

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8
Q

Voluntary organizations outside the state that help people define and advance their own interests

A

Civil society

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9
Q

The tendency in democracies to allow majority rule to neglect the rights and liberties of minorities

A

Tyranny of the majority

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10
Q

A universal political order that draws it’s identity and values from everywhere

A

Cosmopolitanism

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11
Q

Structures of a political system that carry out the work of governing

A

Political institutions

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12
Q

Government that concentrates all policymaking powers in one central geographic place and central government is responsible for most policy areas

A

Unitary system

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13
Q

Spreads the power among many sub units and has a weak central government

A

Confederal system

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14
Q

Divides the power between the central government and sub units

A

Federal system

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15
Q

Process that encourages states to pool their sovereignty in order to gain political, economic, and social clout

A

Integration

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16
Q

Purchase of assets in a country by a foreign firm

A

Foreign direct investment

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17
Q

Factors that bind together the people of a state, giving it strength

A

Centripetal force

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18
Q

Forces that destabilize the government and encourage the country to fall apart

A

Centrifugal forces

19
Q

Nationalities within a country demand independence : ie/ Georgians in Soviet Union

A

Separatist movements

20
Q

Tendency to decentralize decision making to regional governments: ie/ Scotland and Wales

A

Devolution

21
Q

Shares a well developed sense of belonging to the same culture

A

Ethnic group

22
Q

Tendency for an ethic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence: ie/Quebec

A

Ethnonationalism

23
Q

Middle class professionals or businessmen

A

Bourgeoisie

24
Q

A multiple party system with no clear majority party

A

Cabinet coalition

25
Q

The power to make small decisions in implementing legislative and executive decisions

A

Discretionary power

26
Q

Political supporters receive jobs in return for their assistance in getting the president elected

A

Patronage system

27
Q

Legislatures with two houses

A

Bicameral

28
Q

Legislatures with one house

A

Unicameral

29
Q

Groups that connect the government to it’s citizens( political parties, interest groups, media)

A

Linkage institutions

30
Q

Opposite of first past the post where voters cast ballots for a party rather than candidate

A

Proportional representation

31
Q

A national ballot called by the government on a policy issue

A

Referendum

32
Q

A ballot to consult public opinion in a no binding way

A

Plebiscite

33
Q

Vote on policy initiated by the people

A

Initiative

34
Q

Groups with no independence that convey to their members the view of the party elites

A

Transmission belts

35
Q

Groups independent from government that compete with eachother

A

Interest group pluralism

36
Q

The state determines which groups are brought in

A

State corporatism

37
Q

Interest groups take the lead and dominate the state

A

Societal corporatism

38
Q

Measures all the goods and services produced by a country’s economy in a given year( excluding income earned by citizens outside the country)

A

Gross domestic product

39
Q

Measurement of all the goods and services produced by a country’s economy in a year but includes income earned by citizens outside the country

A

Gross national product

40
Q

Divides the GNP by the population of the country

A

GNP per capita

41
Q

Figure like GNP except it takes into consideration what people can buy using their income in the local economy

A

Purchasing Power Parity

42
Q

Mathematical formula that measures the amount of economic inequality in a society

A

Gini index

43
Q

Measures the well being of a country’s people by factoring in adult literacy, life expectancy, educational enrollment, and GDP

A

Human development index

AP Comparative (5 decks)

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