Main Theories Flashcards
What are the three pillars of preference utilitarianism?
- welfarism
- consequentialism
- aggregationism
What is welfarism under preference utilitarianism?
- Focusing on moral consequences and how they increase or diminish the welfare, or quality of life, of all those affected.
- Preferences, maximizing welfare for all (are preferences satisfied?)
What is the problem of welfarism (preference utilitarianism)?
everyone’s preferred life or preferences are different - achieving preference satisifcation for all is difficult
What is consequentialism under preference utilitarianism?
consequences determine the morality of action, not the intention itself
What is aggregationism under preference utilitarianism?
- Ignore the distribution of welfarism, its unequal
- if the outcome will be most preferred, even if it’s unequally distributed, then we should still follow through with it
What are the four principles?
- autonomy
- non-maleficence
- beneficence (benefit)
- justice
What is autonomy (four principles)?
Patient is allowed to make their own autonomous decision for their medical care
What is non-maleficence (four principles)?
do no harm to the patient
What is beneficence (four principles)?
- an action done to benefit others
- don’t harm others
What is justice (four principles)?
- Treat patient equally just like how you would want to be treated
- Treat like cases alike
When the four principles conflict, what do we turn to?
common morality
What are the main characteristics of African Moral Theory?
- Be friendly (build on friendly relations)
- Identity (being able to relate)
- Solidarity (building of relation, not building in disorder)
Focus in on the relationship!
According to preference utilitarianism, what kind of moral status do animals have?
full moral status
According to african moral theory, what kind of moral status do animals have?
- levels of moral status exist: animals have moral status but not as much as humans
- moral status of animal depends on relationship human has with it
