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HIST 107 JRPP > MAIN TERMS > Flashcards

MAIN TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Abbot / Abbess

A

The superior or head of a monastery or convent, respectively.

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2
Q

“Anglo-Saxon”

A

Refers to the historical period and people of Germanic origin who inhabited England from the 5th century to the Norman Conquest in 1066.

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3
Q

Anno Domini (A.D.)

A

A Latin term meaning “in the year of the Lord,” used to designate years in the Gregorian calendar following the birth of Jesus Christ.

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4
Q

Arianism. Cen?

A

a priest from Alexandria in the 4th century CE. Arianism rejected the doctrine of the Trinity and denied the full divinity of Jesus Christ.

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5
Q

Asceticism

A

The practice of rigorous self-discipline and abstinence, often for religious or spiritual purposes.

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6
Q

Ban / Bannus

A

A medieval legal proclamation or banishment against an individual, often used as a form of punishment.

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7
Q

Bishop

A

A high-ranking clergy member within certain Christian denominations who is typically responsible for overseeing a specific region or diocese.

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8
Q

Carolingian Dynasty

A

A Frankish dynasty that ruled over the Carolingian Empire, encompassing much of Western Europe, during the 8th and 9th centuries.

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9
Q

Carolingian Minuscule

A

A script developed during the Carolingian Renaissance characterized by clear, legible handwriting and standardized letterforms.

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10
Q

Castellan

A

A person in charge of a castle or fortress, responsible for its maintenance and defense.

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11
Q

Cenobitic Monk

A

A type of monk who lives in a community or monastery and follows a communal way of life.

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12
Q

Christianity

A

A monotheistic religion centered around the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, as described in the New Testament of the Bible.

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13
Q

Civilitas

A

A Latin term referring to the organized and structured society in the Roman Empire.

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14
Q

Donjon

A

The central tower or stronghold within a medieval castle.

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15
Q

Ethnogenesis

A

The process by which a distinct ethnic group or culture forms and develops.

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16
Q

Feudalism

A

A social and economic system prevalent in medieval Europe, characterized by a hierarchy of landholding and the granting of fiefs in exchange for service and loyalty.

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17
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A

The core religious obligations of Islam: Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

18
Q

Foederati

A

Barbarian groups or tribes who formed alliances with the Roman Empire and provided military service in exchange for benefits.

19
Q

Furta Sacra

A

Latin for “holy theft,” referring to the practice of stealing and relocating relics in the Middle Ages to attract pilgrims and enhance the prestige of a religious site.

20
Q

Heptarchy

A

Refers to the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England during the early medieval period.

21
Q

Hermit

A

A person who lives in seclusion, typically for religious or spiritual reasons.

22
Q

Iconoclasm / Iconoclastic Controversy

A

The dispute in the Byzantine Empire during the 8th and 9th centuries over the use of religious icons and their destruction.

23
Q

Islam

A

A monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century CE by the Prophet Muhammad, based on the teachings of the Quran.

24
Q

Knight (milites)

A

A warrior or nobleman who fought on horseback and served a lord in the feudal system.

25
Q

Limes

A

The Latin term for the fortified boundary lines or frontiers of the Roman Empire.

26
Q

Martyr

A

A person who willingly suffers persecution, including death, for their religious or moral beliefs.

27
Q

Missi Dominici

A

Officials appointed by Charlemagne to act as his envoys and administrators in the Carolingian Empire.

28
Q

Monastery

A

A religious community or building where monks or nuns live, worship, and dedicate themselves to spiritual practices.

29
Q

Nicene Creed

A

A statement of Christian faith formulated at the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE, affirming the divinity of Jesus Christ and his equality with God the Father. 4th cen

30
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a sacred place or shrine undertaken for religious or spiritual reasons.

31
Q

Provincialization

A

The process of establishing provinces or regions within an empire for administrative purposes.

32
Q

Relic / Reliquary

A

A physical object or remains associated with a holy person or event, often kept and venerated for religious purposes. A reliquary is a container or shrine used to store relics.

33
Q

Romanitas

A

A Latin term referring to the cultural and social ideals of the Roman Empire.

34
Q

Serf / Serfdom

A

A person in a feudal society who is bound to the land and obligated to provide labor and services to a lord in exchange for protection and sustenance.

35
Q

Ruralization

A

The process of transforming or shifting from urban to rural life or characteristics.

36
Q

Saint

A

A person who has been recognized and canonized by a religious authority as having exceptional holiness and is venerated as a role model in their faith.

37
Q

Stem Duchy

A

A territorial division or region ruled by a duke in the medieval Germanic states.

38
Q

Tetrarchy

A

A system of government in ancient Rome established by Emperor Diocletian, involving the division of power between four individuals. Two head emperors and two junior emperors. These four Emperors spit the empire into four districts and each ruled separately. 3rd cen

39
Q

The Three Orders

A

The hierarchical division of medieval society into three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners.

40
Q

Vassal

A

A person who enters into a feudal relationship with a lord, providing military service and loyalty in exchange for land or other benefits.

HIST 107 JRPP (3 decks)

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