Main Ideas Flashcards
(57 cards)
What was the study of the brain before 1870
The study of the brain was either medical (purely physiological) that dealt with mental health issues or severe brain damage, or it was philosophical.
When was the first psychology lab
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychological Laboratory in Leipzig in 1879.
When was the first American psychological laboratory
Granville Stanley-Hall opens the first American lab in 1883.
When was the American Psychology Association founded
1892
When was the first British psychology lab
1891
When was the British Psychology Society founded
1901
What is introspection
The observation of one’s own mental processes in order to gain insight
How were participants trained
Participants were taught how to report on their experiences using a controlled stimulus (e.g a metronome)
What were participants asked to do
Participants were asked to observe their feelings and mental processes and report on the intensity, duration, and quantity.
What were wundts focuses
Objectivity, systemic reporting, standardised procedures, replicability, and participants observing and reporting.
Explain ~1890s psychology
Sigmund Freud explores psychodynamics - using psychodynamics as a therapy and introspection as a means of finding the causes of issues
What is psychodynamics
Psychodynamics is the relationship and interactions between the conscious mind and the levels of the subconscious mind
What was the new wave of psychology after 1900 and what did they think
The new wave of psychology were the behaviourists. They were unhappy with introspection and it’s not observable by a third party so it’s hard to gain objectivity. You CANNOT see into the mind. You can only study the input (stimulus) and the outcome (behaviour)
Who were the 3 main behaviourists
- 1890s : Parlov
- 1913 : Watson
- 1953 : Skinner
Who were the two main psychologists of the 1960s
Maslow and Bandura
What did bandura think ?
Bandura developed SLT : social learning theory. Behaviour is a result of stimuli and social interaction could have an impact on behaviour. Mental processes also have an impact - this includes cognitive process (meditational processes)
What did Maslow think
Maslow was a humanist. He believed that humans were able to be studied like anything else. Attempts to study humans scientifically only reduces humans down to what we are NOT. Humans = anti scientific.
What was psychology post 1960
Post 1960 cognitive psychology was developed
What is cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology thinks that humans brains act like a computer. Different behaviours and actions come from different processes. The way humans are can be set down to a number of processes.
What was psychology post 1990
Post 1990 psychology was biological psychology. The study of psychology with genetics and biological ideas. The use of scanning and genetic analysis can help understand how humans work.
What is modern psychology
Modern psychology mainly a blend of biological psychology and cognitive psychology. Though introspection is making small comebacks
What is the process of classical conditioning
UCS —> UCR
UCS + NS —> UCR (association)
NS (now conditional) —> CR (was unconditional)
What is extinction
If the neutral stimuli is not reinforced with the unconditional stimuli then the neutral stimulus looses the ability to produce a reaction
What is spontaneous recovery
Following extinction if the CS and UCS are paired together the association between them is made much more quickly.
