Main Groups Flashcards
Joints of Pelvic Girdle
-Pubic symphysis joint
-Sacroiliac joint
Ligaments of Pelvic Girdle (4)
-Sacroiliac ligament
-Sacrospinous ligament
-Inguinal ligament
-Sacrotuberous ligament *posterior
Supporting Ligaments of Pelvic Girdle (3 + 1 + 1)
-Iliofemoral ligament (prevents hyper-extension)
-Pubofemoral ligament (prevents excessive abduction)
-Ischiofemoral ligament (prevents hyper-extension)
-Ligamentum teres (helps keep femoral head into acetabulum)
-Anococcygeal ligament
Pelvic Diaphragm Muscles (2)
-Ischiococcygeus
-Levator ani *group of 3 muscles
Lateral Rotator Muscles (6)
-Piriformis
-Gemellus superior
-Obturator internus
-Gemellus inferior
-Quadratus femoris
-Obturator externus *anterior
Gluteal Muscles (4)
-Gluteus Maximus
-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimis
-Tenor fasciae latae
Anterior Compartment Thigh Muscles (7)
-Iliopsoas (psoas and iliacus)
-Sartorius
-Rectus femoris
-Vastus lateralis
-Vastus medialis
-Vastus intermedius *deep
*last 4= quadriceps group
Medial Compartment Thigh Muscles (5)
Superficial:
-Pectineus
-Adductor longus
-Gracilis
Deep:
-Adductor brevis
-Adductor magnus (adductor part and hamstring part)
*adductor hiatus forms at bottom
Posterior Thigh Muscles (3)
-Biceps femoris (long head and short head)
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
*form hamstring group, 4 total muscles with 2 heads of biceps femoris
Pes Anserinus/Goose’s Foot (3)
Combined 3 muscle tendons insert on medial proximal tibia
-Sartorius (anterior)
-Gracilis (medial)
-Semitendinosus (posterior)
Femoral Triangle Contents
-Femoral nerve
-Femoral artery
-Femoral vein
-Lymph nodes
*femoral sheath contains nerve/artery/vein, femoral canal contains lymph nodes
Femoral Triangle Boundaries
Superior= Inguinal ligament
Lateral= sartorius
Medial= pectineus and adductor longus
Anterior Compartment Leg Muscles (4)
-Tibialis anterior
-Extensor hallicus longus
-Extensor digitorum longus
-Peroneus tertius
Lateral Compartment Leg Muscles (2)
-Peroneus longus
-Peroneus brevis
Posterior Compartment Leg- Superficial Muscles (3)
-Gastrocnemius
-Soleus
-Plantaris
Posterior Compartment Leg- Deep Muscles (4)
-Popliteus
-Tibialis posterior
-Flexor digitorum longus
-Flexor hallicus longus
Popliteal Fossa (4 Borders)
Superiomedial- semimembranosus
Superolateral- biceps femoris (long head)
Inferomedial- gastrocnemius (medial head)
Inferolateral- gastrocnemius (lateral head), plantaris, popliteus
*Floor= posterior femur and tibia
Popliteal Fossa Contents (5)
-Tibial nerve
-Fibular nerve
-Popliteal artery
-Popliteal vein
-Deep popliteal lymph nodes
Blood Supply- Thigh (6 Arteries)
-External iliac artery
-Femoral artery
-Profunda femoris
-Medial circumflex femoral artery *posterior
-Lateral circumflex femoral artery *anterior
-Popliteal artery
*from top to bottom
Blood Supply- Knee/Leg (7 Arteries)
-Popliteal artery
-Geniculate arteries
-Posterior tibial recurrent artery
-Anterior tibial artery
-Anterior tibial recurrent artery
-Posterior tibial artery
-Fibular artery
*popliteal fossa contains all seen at posterior knee (not anterior recurrent or fibular)
*from top to bottom
Blood Supply- Foot (7 Arteries)
Dorsum:
-Dorsalis pedis artery
-Lateral tarsal artery
-Arcuate artery
-Deep plantar artery
Plantar:
-Deep plantar arch
-Lateral plantar artery
-Medial plantar artery
*AT artery connects dorsum side, PT artery connects plantar side at back
Venous Drainage- Foot (2)
-Dorsal venous network
-Plantar venous network
*AT vein connects dorsal, PT vein connects plantar side at back of foot/leg
Venous Drainage- Leg + Thigh (9 Veins)
-Anterior tibial veins
-Great saphenous vein (most medial, goes up whole leg)
-Posterior tibial veins
-Geniculate veins
-Popliteal vein
-Femoral vein
-Medial circumflex femoral vein
-Lateral circumflex femoral vein
-External iliac vein
*bottom to top
Innervation: Lumbosacral Plexus (Thigh Supply- 3 Nerves)
-Femoral nerve (L2-L4 Lumbar) *supplies anterior
-Obturator nerve (L2-L4 Lumbar) *supplies medial
-Sciatic nerve (L4-S3 Sacral) *supplies posterior
Innervation- Leg and Foot (2)
-Tibial nerve (motor= posterior leg + majority of foot, sensory= posterior leg + sole of foot)
-Fibular/Peroneal nerve (motor= anterior and lateral leg + medial foot, sensory= lateral leg + dorsum of foot)
*sciatic nerve splits into the two at the knee
Ligaments of Ankle (4)
Medial:
-Deltoid ligament
Lateral:
-Anterior talofibular
-Posterior talofibular
-Calcaneofibular
Arches of Foot (3)
-Medial longitudinal arch
-Lateral longitudinal arch
-Transverse arch
Arches of Foot Supporting Structures (4)
-Plantar aponeurosis
-Spring ligament (or plantar calcaneonavicular ligament) *only medial arch
-Long plantar ligament
-Short plantar ligament
Muscles of the Foot- Dorsum (3 Extrinsic, 2 Intrinsic)
Extrinsic:
-Extensor hallicus longus (EHL)
-Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
-Tibialis anterior (TA)
Intrinsic:
-Extensor digitorum brevis (EDB)
-Extensor hallicus brevis (EHB)
*extensor retinaculum (ER) over top
Muscles of the Foot- Plantar (5 Extrinsic, 4 Layers of Intrinsic)
Extrinsic:
-Peroneus longus
-Peroneus brevis
-Tibialis posterior*
-Flexor digitorum longus*
-Flexor hallicus longus*
*Tom, Dick and Harry on medial side
Layers of Intrinsic Foot Muscles
Layer 1:
-Abductor digiti minimi
-Flexor digitorum brevis
-Abductor hallicus
Layer 2:
-Quadratus plantae (attached to digitorum)
-Flexor digitorum longus post.tendon
-Lumbricals (coming off FDL tendon)
-Flexor hallicus longus tendon
Layer 3:
-Flexor digiti minimi
-Adductor hallicus (transverse head)
-Adductor hallicus (oblique head)
-Flexor hallicus brevis
Layer 4:
-Dorsal and plantar interossei
Tarsal Tunnel
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry
-Tibialis posterior *muscle
-Flexor digitorum longus *muscle
-Posterior tibial artery and vein
-Tibial nerve
-Flexor hallicus longus *mucle
*order from closest to medial malleolus to calcaneus
2 Joints at Ankle
-Talocrural joint (tibiotalur joint): synovial hinge joint, plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
-Subtalar joint: synovial plane joint, inversion/eversion
