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QAS DTPS > Main Drugs Used > Flashcards

Main Drugs Used Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline

indications

A

Croup (with stridor at rest)
Severe or life threatening bronchospasm (speaking in single words/ALOC/haemodynamic compromise)
Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction
Bradycardia with poor perfusion (unresponsive to atropine or TCP)
Shock unresponsive to adequate fluid resus

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2
Q

Adrenaline

contraindications

A

Nil

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3
Q

Adrenaline

precautions

A

Current MAOI therapy
Hypertension
Hypovolaemic shock

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4
Q

Adrenaline

side effects

A 
Tremors
Anxiety
Palpitations/Tachycardia
Hypertension
Pupil dilation
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5
Q

Adrenaline

Dosage for cardiac arrest

A

IV (ACP, CCP)
1mg every 3-5 minutes
No max dose

IO (CCP)
1mg every 3-5 minutes
No max dose

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6
Q

Adrenaline

Dosages for anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction

A 
IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP)
300 mcg, repeat at 5 min
No max dose
NEB (ACP2, CCP) - for facial or tongue swelling
5mg single dose
IV/IO (CCP)
20-50 mcg, repeat at 1 min intervals
No max dose
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7
Q

Adrenaline

Dosages for severe to life threatening bronchospasm

A 
IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP)
300 mcg every 5 min
No max
IV/IO (CCP)
20-50 mcg every 1 min
No max
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8
Q

Aspirin

Indications

A

Suspected ACS

Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

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9
Q

Aspirin

Precautions

A

Use of other anticoagulants (e.g. Warfarin)
Hx of GI bleed or peptic ulcer
Aortic aneurysm or other condition that may require surgery
Pregnancy

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10
Q

Aspirin

Side effects

A 
GI bleed
Epigastric discomfort/pain
Nausea/vomiting
Gastritis
NSAID induced bronchospasm
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11
Q

Aspirin

Dosages

A

PO (ACP1, ACP2, CCP)
300mg single dose
Max dose 450mg

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12
Q

Aspirin

Onset, duration and half-life

A

Onset: approx 10 min
Duration: 1 week
Half life: 3.2 hours

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13
Q

Ceftriaxone

Indications

A

Suspected meningococcal septicaemia (with non blanching petechia and/or purpuric rash)

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14
Q

Ceftriaxone

Containdications

A

KSAR or hypersensitivity

Known anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction to penicillin based drugs

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15
Q

Ceftriaxone

Precautions

A

Nil

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16
Q

Ceftriaxone

Side effects

A

Nausea/vomiting

Pain at IM injection site

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17
Q

Ceftriaxone

Adult dosages

A

IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP)
1g single dose
Syringe preparation - reconstitute in 3.6mL of water in 10mL syringe
IV (ACP2, CCP) IO (CCP)
1g single dose - Slow push over 3-5 minutes
Syringe preparation - reconstitute in 10mL of water in 10mL syringe

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18
Q

Fentanyl

Indications

A 
Significant pain
Autonomic dysreflexia (SBP >/= 160mmHg)
Sedation for maintenance of established LMA or ETT
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19
Q

Fentanyl

Contraindications

A

KSAR or hypersensitivity

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20
Q

Fentanyl

Precautions

A 
Elderly
Hypotensive
Concurrent MAOI therapy
Respiratory tract burns
Respiratory depression/failure
Known narcotic addiction
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21
Q

Fentanyl

Side effects

A 
Pinpoint pupils
Nausea/vomiting
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Drowsiness
Respiratory depression

(Not morphine) muscular rigidity - especially respiratory muscles

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22
Q

Fentanyl

Onset, duration, half-life

A

Onset: (IV)

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23
Q

Fentanyl

Dosages for significant pain and autonomic dysreflexia (ACP2 +)

A 
IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP)
>70 years 25mcg
Repeat at up to 50mcg every 5 min
Total max dose 100mcg
70 years 25mcg
Repeat at up to 25mcg every 5 min
Total max dose 100mcg
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24
Q

Glucagon

Indications

A

Symptomatic hypoglycaemia

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25
Glucagon | Contraindications
KSAR or hypersensitivity
26
Glucagon | Precautions and side effects
Nil
27
Glucagon | Onset, Duration and Half-life
Onset: 4-7 min Duration: variable Half-life: 3-6 min
28
Glucagon | Dosages
IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) 1mg single dose Reconstitute with 1mL water in 3ml syringe
29
Glucose 10% | Indications
Symptomatic hypoglycaemia
30
Glucose 10% Contraindications Precautions Side effects
Contras - nil Precautions - hyperglycaemia Side effects - nil
31
Glucose 10% | Dosages
IV (ACP2, CCP) IO (CCP) 15g (150ml) Repeat at 100ml boluses every 5 min until BGL >4mmol
32
``` Glucose Gel Indications Contraindications Precautions Side effects ```
Indications - symptomatic hypoglycaemia | Contras - age
33
Glucose gel | Onset
Approx 10 min
34
Glucose gel | Dosages
PO (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) 15g Repeat once at 15 min of BGL less than 4mmol/L Total max dose 30g
35
GTN | Indications
``` Suspected ACS (with pain) Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedem Autonomic dysreflexia (SBP >160) Irukandji syndrome (SBP >160) ```
36
GTN | Contraindications
KSAR | HR >150 or
37
GTN | Precautions
``` Use of phosphodiestase inhibitors in last 48 hours Cerebrovascular disease Suspected inferior AMI Risk of hypotension and/or syncope Intoxication ```
38
GTN | Side effects
``` Hypotension Reflex tachycardia Vascular headaches Dizziness Syncope ```
39
``` GTN Adult dosages (all indications) ```
Sublingual (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) 400mcg Repeat at 5 min No max Also CCP IV infusion for suspected ACS
40
Ipratropium Bromide | Indications
Moderate or severe bronchospasm
41
Ipratropium Bromide | Contraindications
Age
42
Ipratropium Bromide | Precautions
Glaucoma
43
Ipratropium Bromide | Side Effects
Dilated pupils Dry mouth Palpitations
44
Ipratropium Bromide | Onset, Duration, Half-life
Onset - 1.5-3 min Duration - 4-6 hours Half-life - 3 hrs
45
Ipratropium Bromide | Dosages
NEB (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) 500mcg Single dose
46
Methoxyfleurane | Indications
Significant pain
47
Methoxyfleurane | Contraindications
KSAR or hypersensitivity Hx of malignant hyperthermia Hx of significant renal or hepatic failure Pt
48
Methoxyfleurane | Precautions
ALOC | Intoxication or drug affected pt
49
Methoxyfleurane | Side effects
ALOC Cough Renal/hepatic failure (following repeat high dose exposure)
50
Methoxyfleurane | Onset, Duration, half-life
Onset - 1-3 min
51
Methoxyfleurane | Dosages
Inhaled (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) 3ml Repeat at 20 min
52
Midazolam | Indications
``` Generalised/focal seizures Avute behavioural disturbances (SAT 2 or more) Sedation - maintenance of LMA or ETT - Procedures (TCP or cardioversion) - Adjunct to opioid analgesia - Ketamine emergence - To facilitate safe assessment and treatment of agitated head injured patient ```
53
Midazolam | Contraindications
KSAR or hypersensitivity
54
Midazolam | Precautions
``` Severe respiratory distress in COPD Myasthenia graves MS Use reduced dose for: - elderly - chronic renal failure - congestive cardiac failure - shock ```
55
Midazolam | Side effects
Hypotension | Respiratory depression - especially when used with other respiratory depressants
56
Midazolam | Adult dosages for generalised or focal seizures
Nasal, IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) >70 years 2.5mg Repeat every 10 min Total max, 10mg IV/IO (CCP) Same as above, every 5 min
57
Morphine | Indications
``` Significant pain Autonomic dysreflexia (SPB >160) Sedation for maintenance of established LMA/ETT ```
58
Morphine | Contraindications
KSAR or hypersensitivity | Renal failure
59
Morphine | Precautions
``` Elderly Hypotension Known narcotic addiction Respiratory tract burns Respiratory depression/failure Concurrent MAOI therapy Cardiac chest pain ```
60
Morphine | Side effects
``` Pin point pupils Bradycardia Hypotension Nausea/vomiting Drowsiness Respiratory depression ```
61
Morphine | Onset, Duration, half-life
Onset - IM 5-10 min, IV 2-5 min Duration - 1-2 hours Half-life - 2 hours
62
Morphine | Dosages for significant pain
``` IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) >70 years 2.5-5mg Repeat at up to 5mg every 10 min Max dose 10mg 70 years 2.5mg Repeat at 2.5mg every 5 min Max dose 10mg ```
63
Morphine | Dosages for autonomic dysreflexia
.
64
Naloxone | Indications
Respiratory depression secondary to administration of narcotic drugs
65
Naloxone | Contraindications
KSAR or hypersensitivity
66
Naloxone | Precautions
Pre-existing cardiac disease
67
Aspirin Contraindications
KSAR Chest pain associated with psychostimulant OD Bleeding or clotting disorders (e.g. Haemophilia) Current GI bleed or peptic ulcer Patient
67
Ondansetron Indications
Nausea and/or vomiting | Prophylactic for patient presenting with ACS
68
Ondansetron contraindications
KSAR to ondansetron or other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists Congenital long QT syndrome Patient
69
Ondansetron adult dosages
IM (ACP1, ACP2, CCP) 4-8 mg - total max 8mg IV (ACP2, CCP) 4-8 mg - total max 8mg

QAS DTPS (3 decks)

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