Main developments in drama, music, poetry and architecture Flashcards
1
Q
Tradition of drama in tudor soc (PRE-REF)
A
- Medievel miracle and morality plays were often performed in English centres such as Coventry and York
- English grammar schools followed a humanist tradion of putting on plays in Latin
- the court also put on ‘disgusings’ - elaborate performances which involved music and dandincg
2
Q
How did this tradition of drama change after the ref?
A
- The break with rome, increasing use of the printing press and noble patronage encouraged it to reach new heights
- Growth of the eng lang and vocab, plus the humanist emphasis on the study of classical Greek and Roman texts, history and language encouraged playwrights
- they could now produce their own versions of classics or rewrite Eng history (Mega propaganda)
3
Q
Big steps for drama (all under Liz)
A
- 1576: first London theatre opened by James Burbage
- 1587: the second, ‘The Rose’ was opeened
- This innovation got rid of temporary stages and allowed playwrights to use more complex staging
4
Q
Design of theatres
A
- built in the round, had pulley systems and trap doors
5
Q
Accesibilty of theatres
A
- Able to provide entertainement for the rich and poor alike
- Rich would pay to use the seating on balconies, poor could pay one penny to stand
6
Q
influential poets
A
> John Skelton - Henry VIII’s tutor. Satiricial poetry which often mocked the wealthy and powerful. I.e. ‘Why came ye not to court?’ which was an attack on Wolsey
> Wyatt and Howard were also both courtiers and poets
7
Q
The aim of poetry
A
- Aimed to improve the English language and quality of English poetry
- Both influenced by humanist learning and reading Latin/Italian Verse
8
Q
How did Wyatt and Howard work?
A
- translated the sonnets of Petrach, a 14th c italian writer, but also began to write their own poetry
- Credited with inventing the most common form of sonnet in ENgland - invented the couplet
- could be seen in things like Wyatts love sonner ‘Whoso list to hunt’
- Howard was the first person to use blank verse in his translation of Virgil
9
Q
How poetry developed
A
- The sonnet and blank verse became the most widely used literary forms by Elizabethan playwrights and poets
- Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets and used blank verse in his plays
10
Q
What does shakespeare’s career reflect?
A
- The impact of humanist thought and the Renaissance on English culture and society
- Shakespeare went to a grammar school established by ed
- In shakespeare’s work, innovations in poetry, English and drama were combined to create propaganda for the tudors.
11
Q
What were developments in music influenced by?
A
- Renaissance and European interest in polyphonal music
- English composers under the patronage of the church or the monarchs experimented with this form both in the production of religious works and, increasingly, of secular works
12
Q
Henry VIII and music
A
- liked the tradition of increasingly grand, lengthly music, but this began to chanhe during the REF when musical peices became shorter and plainer
13
Q
Ed and music
A
- Under eddy the high treble part was removed, and English texts were used instead of Latin
14
Q
Maz and music
A
- Marys reign saw a return to longer, more complex peices in Latin , which a high descant
15
Q
Liz and music
A
- LIke her religious settlement: a comprimise
- Latin could still be used but the length of peices became shorter
16
Q
How were composers musical styles and careers determined
A
- highly ingleucned by the religious changes which occured
- Early composers included John Taverner and Christopher Tye
17
Q
Tavener and music
A
- Tavener was choirmaster and organist at Wolseys cardinal college, Oxford in 1526.
- He prodcued a series of latin masses and other religious works in latin using polyphonal techniques
18
Q
Tye and music
A
- Worked a generation later than Tavener
- Had protestant sympathies and was employed at Edwards court to give advice on music
- His works were still secular but used English traditions i.e. ‘The Actes of the Apostles’ (1553) was a translation of the New Testament book dedicated to Ed
19
Q
Tallis and mysic
A
- career lasted from 1520 to 80s despite his catholicism
- proabably due to his ability to adapt
- under liz his compositions reached new heights with the ambitious Spem in Alium (1570)
- also branched out from the Latin, using English texts and composing some secular peices
20
Q
architecture and Henry
A
- the only tudor monarch to build new palaces
- in the 1530s, began building Nonsuch palace (Surrey) also embarked on ambitious and expensive rebuilding plans at whitehall and bridewell
21
Q
WHy did the later tudor monarchs not build
A
- partly because their finances were so limited
22
Q
Who did actually build in the tudor period then?
A
- their nobility, influenced by humanist and European ideas of architecture, built extravagantly
- earliest example = duke of somerset
23
Q
Building of the nobility from the 1570s
A
- from 1570s began building country houses on a grand scale
- Longleat owned by Sir John Thynee 1568. Used stoneman Smythson to help him
- Smythson went on to become one of the earliest architects, though it was not considered a profession until the 17thc
- Smythsin went on to build another famous house at Wollaton for Sir Francis Willoughby
24
Q
Other annonyomus builders
A
- constructed famous mansions - i.e. cecil’s country house Theobalds,
- the Earl of Leicester’s renobation of the medieval Kenilworth castle
25
What were the style of these houses ispired by
- known as 'progidy houses'
- strongly influenced by interst in Roman and Greek classical architecture
- designed for comfort and privacy. used light and space to create a pleasant living environement
26
How did this new style of house differ from the old one
- old ones were stone castles and fortified manors of the early 16th c, main purpose was defence
- brick was now used instead of stone
- the emphasis of light and space meant the use of multiple windows
27
How did this new style of the late Tudor mansion reflect the period
- the lack of empahsis on defence reflects the increasing political stability of the period
28
How did building evolve for the general pop
- not just confined to tudor nobility and gentry
- surving wills show average number of rooms in a house went from 3 under Henry to 4/5 under Liz
- Prosperous yeomen under Liz may have had as many as 6-8 rooms , whilst husbandmen (small landowners) many have had 2-3
- wealtheir farmers built second floors and would include a fireplace and a chimeny
- those with less money extended houses on the gruond floor and would often build a seperate kitchen to reduce risk of fire
29
Overall
- by the end of LIz, tudor culture had changed considerably as a result of the ref, humanist ideas and royal and noble patronage
- growth of englisn drama and poetry lef to the first theatres and a distinct english style of verse
- art was harnessed by the tudor monarchs for propaganda, whilst music also developed into something recgonisably english in style
- architecture and building had rapid growth
