MAIN CONDITIONS/ CASES/ DEFINITIONS Flashcards by Marysia Thomson

Akathisia

unpleasant sensation of restlessness

can’t stay still

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catatonia

psychomotor immobility and and behaviour abnormality

(often in stupor)

‘depressive stupor’

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nihilistic delusion

belief that parts of ones self, ones body, or the real world/ rest of the world has been destroyed

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name some types of schizophrenia

paranoid schizophrenia

catatonic schizophrenia

residual schizophrenia

undifferentiated schizophrenia

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what do ‘typical’ anti psychotic medications do?

D2 dopamine receptor antagonists

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how do you treat schizophrenia?

Anti-psychotics

CBT

family therapy

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visual hallucinations and auditory hallucinations are common where?

visual hallucinations - organic psychosis

auditory hallucinations - schizophrenia

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third person auditory hallucinations

patient hears voices talking about themselves

‘he is an evil person’

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second person auditory hallucinations

addresses patient in second person

‘you are going to die’

‘kill him’

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ABCD of first rank symptoms in schizophrenia

Auditory hallucinations

broadcasting of thought

controlled thought

delusional perception

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nihilistic delusions are more common in severe depression or schizophrenia?

severe depression

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grandiose delusions are common in what condition?

mania

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alogia

inability to speak

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what are some common side effects of anti psychotic medication?

Parkinsonism

acute dystonias

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two common typical antipsychotics

chlorpromazine

haloperidol

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three common atypical antipsychotics

clozapine

risperidone

olanzapine

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an emergency detention can last up to how long?

72 hours

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what is likely to increase the rate of relapse in schizophrenia?

non compliance to treatment

misuse of illicit substances

high expressed emotion at home

major life events

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3 main conditions that can be caused to due psychiatric drugs?

weight gain and obesity

diabetes

metabolic syndrome

in OCD what are overt and convert COMPULSIONS?

overt - checking a door is locked

convert - mentally repeating a phrase in their head

how do you treat OCD?

CBT including exposure and response prevention

SSRIs (fluoxetine, citalopram)

TCA

What are the 3 key elements that make up PTSD?

hyper-arousal

re-experiencing

avoidance or reminders

how do you treat PTSD?

trauma focussed CBT

eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing

how do you treat most eating disorders?

re-feeding

CBT/ IPT

SSRI (fluoxetine)

what is cyclothymia?

periods of depression and hypomania that are not sufficient enough to be a major depressive or hypomanic episode

what are the main 3 symptoms of depression?

anhedonia low mood for most of the day everyday for 2 weeks less energy/ fatigue

screening tool used for depression

PHQ9

what are some differentials for depression?

schizophrenia bipolar disorder anorexia nervosa dysthymia anxiety substance misuse

Name some types of antidepressants:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors tricyclic antidepressants Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Serotonin/ Noradrenaline Reuptake inhibitors

what are the 3 main symptoms of depression?

anhedonia loss of energy/ fatigue low mood everyday most of the day for 2 weeks

what are the 7 'other' symptoms of depression?

lack of concentration feeling guilty sleep disturbance low self esteem/ confidence suicidal thoughts appetite changes agitation or retardation

differential diagnosis for depression:

schizophrenia bipolar disorder anorexia nervosa dysthymia substance misuse

how long does post natal depression last?

up to 2 weeks

Agoraphobia

avoiding places or situations that might cause you to panic/ feel anxious/ embarrassed

what are some of the features of mania?

elevated mood/ increased energy disinhibition grandiosity extravagant spending

how do you treat mania?

1st - antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone) 2nd - mood stabilizers (sodium valproate, carbamezapine) 3rd line - lithium

what are some risk factors for bipolar affective disorder?

steroids illicit drugs (amphetamine, cocaine) antidepressants infection stroke epilepsy onset of mood disorder before age 20

how would you investigate bipolar disorder?

PHQ-9 questionnaire History (2 or more related episodes of depression and mania or hypomania)

how do you treat bipolar disorder?

mood stabilisers (sodium valproate, carbamazepine) if compliant with mood stabilisers then add lithium carbonate antipsychotics (olanzapine) ECT

dependence on alcohol is quantified how? 6

3 or more of the following for over a month or repeatedly for 12 months: craving/ compulsions difficulty controlling use primacy (most important thing) increased tolerance persistence despite harmful consequences physiological withdrawal on reduction/ cessation

withdrawal state symptoms of alcohol dependence?

tremor weakness N and V anxiety seizures confusion agitation

two major conditions you can develop from alcohol dependence?

wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's psychosis

wernicke's encephalopathy

confusion ataxia nystagmus opthalmoplegia

Korsakoff's psychosis

impaired recent and remote memory no general cognitive impairment impaired learning and disorientation (a late stage complication of wernicke's encephalopathy)

what causes Korsakoff's psychosis and wernicke's encephalopathy? how can you treat them?

thiamine deficiency give thiamine

what do you give to manage withdrawal symptoms of alcohol?

benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide)