Main components of a plant cell

Question 1

what are the main components of a plant cell?

Answer 1

Nucleus
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoplasm
Plasmodesmata
Middle Lamella

Question 2

what is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 2

A rigid wall, encloses the plant cell to support it.

Made of cellulose fibres, laid down in a mesh.

Wall can stretch as the cell expands-once cell matures it loses it’s elasticity and sets it’s permanent shape.

Question 3

What is within the cell wall?

Answer 3

Plasma membrane- substances can pass freely through this.

Cell sap is in this area containing nutrients transported from the roots, air, water and certain pigments.

Question 4

Nucleus, what is it?

Answer 4

control centre of cell that contains DNA packaged into chromosomes

Question 5

Mitochondria-where are they found and what do they consist of?

Answer 5

consists of two membranes- found in their largest numbers in meristematic areas.

Question 6

Where is respiration essential?

Answer 6

Meristematic areas

Question 7

What is respiration?

Answer 7

energy stored by the plant in the form of sugars and released.

Question 8

where are the greatest number of chloroplast found?

Answer 8

in the tissue of leaves

Question 9

What process are chloroplasts essential for?

Answer 9

Photosynthesis

Question 10

What do chloroplasts contain? and what is it required fro?

Answer 10

chlorophyll, for photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is cytoplasm’s role?

Answer 11

it enables dissolved substances to move around the cell-contains a network of protein strands which hold other cell components in place to prevent them sinking to the bottom.

Question 12

What is cytoplasm largely made of?

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

What are plasmodesmata?

Answer 13

routes of connection structures between adjacent cells that allows cytoplasm to move materials between cells.

Question 14

What is a vacuole?

Answer 14

A cavity within the cell, that cell sap fills.

Question 15

What is the middle lamella?

Answer 15

A layer between the walls of neighbouring cells.

Question 16

What are the four types of cell?

Answer 16

Mechanical support
Vascular
External specialised
Reproductive

Question 17

Describe the purpose of a mechanical support cell?

Answer 17

to hold up the structure and flowers of a plant

Question 18

What do vascular cells do?

Answer 18

they are conducting cells- to transport water, nutrients and food around the plant

Question 19

What do external, specialsied cells do?

Answer 19

epidermal-protect against desiccation in a drying atmosphere.

Question 20

Reproductive cells do what and are found where?

Answer 20

found in seeds and spores, cells in reproductive parts.

Question 21

An organ is made up of what?

Answer 21

A groups of tissues, carrying out a specific function

Question 22

what is a tissue?

Answer 22

a collection of cells carrying out a specific function

Question 23

What is mitosis?

Answer 23

cell division-tends to happen at the primary site (meristem)

Question 24

What are the two types of meristematic stem?

Answer 24

Apical and lateral

Question 25

Where is the Apical part of the meristem found and what does it allow?

Answer 25

found at the tips of roots/stems.

allows plant to grow taller

Question 26

What is the function of the lateral meristem?

Answer 26

Allows plants to grow wider.

Question 27

What do all new plant cells start off as?

Answer 27

a basic tissue type-parenchyma

Question 28

what can parenchyma develop into? two options…

Answer 28

can stay the same and form a tissue that is used to infill areas, or-

become a more specialised tissue (Xylem or phloem tissue)

Question 29

What does xylem tissue move?

Answer 29

water.

Up from the roots to other parts of the palnts, esp the leaves.

Question 30

What does phloem tissue move?

Answer 30

sugars and carbohydrates

Question 31

where does phloem move sugars and carbs from and too?

Answer 31

From the leaves to sites of new cells or storage organs

Question 32

name examples of storage organs where starch (sugars and carbs) are stored

Answer 32

Tubers; Dahlia
Corms: Crocus, Snowdrop
Swollen Tap Root: Carrot (Daucus), Parsnip (Pastinaca)
Stem Tuber: Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Bulbs and Seeds

Question 33

Where does sugar transport take place?

Answer 33

The phloem

Question 34

where does a selection of minerals take place

Answer 34

the root hairs

Question 35

where is the production of lateral roots?

Answer 35

the epidermis, endodermis and pericycle.

Look at a diagram of a young dicotyledonus root