Main Flashcards
Power Management Specifications
ACPI/APM
Microsoft .exe with detailed system information?
msinfo32. exe
systeminfo. exe
BIOS Extensions are also known as?
Option ROM
ACPI
Advanced configuration and power interface: industry spec for power consumption handling in desktop and mobile pcs.
APM
Advanced power management: legacy API which allows an OS to work with the BIOS to manage power.
OSs communicate with hardware via?
BIOS and device drivers.
Chassis Intrusion Detection requires?
Requires BIOS support plus case sensor.
PCI
Synced with CPU clock-speed, 32bit/128pin and 64bit/188 pin config, 33/66 MHz clock speeds, 133/533 MB/s, parallel bus.
PCI-x
1064 MB/s, 64 bit, parallel
PCIe gen.x
Starts at a 1/4 GB x1 and 4 GB x 16 for generation 1. Each subsequent generation doubles the throughput.
PCIe 1.x
x1 250 MB/s
x16 4 GB/s
PCIe 2.x
x1 500 MB/s
x16 8 GB/s
PCIe 3.x
x1 985 GB/s
x16 15.75 15.75 GB/s
PCIe 4.x
x1 1.969 GB/s
x16 31.51 GB/s
PGA
Pin grid array. Pins are on the CPU.
LGA
Land grid array. Pins are on the motherboard socket.
BIOS managed permanent memory types?
ROM and PROM
SRAM
Static RAM that is typically used in CPU memory caches. Faster and more expensive than DRAM.
Speed of modern system buses?
In the MHz, a single clock cycle is a single tick of the system clock.
SDRAM
Synchronous Dynamic RAM: synced with the system clock and requires periodic electrical refreshing.
SDR SDRAM
Single Data Rate SDRAM: 1 word per clock cycle, 168 pin DIMMs.
DDR SDRAM
Double Data Rate SDRAM: 2 processes per clock cycle, 184 pin DIMMs, 200 pin SO DIMMs, 172 pin Micro DIMMs.
Bus Width of DDR Memory?
Bytes/second = MHz speed of module * 8 bytes
DDR2 SDRAM
4 processes/clock, 240 pin DIMMs, 200 pin SO DIMMs, 214 pin micro-DIMMs
DDR3 SDRAM
Used 30% less power than DDR2, 240 pin DIMM, 204 pin SO DIMM, 8 words/clock, up the 16 GB modules, supports 3 and 4 channel
WORM
Write once, read many.
RDIMM
Registered DIMM: more expensive, uses additional circuitry for stability and accuracy.
Single Sided Memory Modules
Can have chips on both sides.
Static RAM
Is a type of volatile memory that doesn’t require electrical refreshment.
DVD Single Side/Single Layer
4.7 GB
DVD Single Side/Double Layer
8.5 GB
DVD Double Side/Single Layer
9.4 GB
DVD Double Side/Double Layer
17.08 GB, rare format
BD Single Layer
25 GB
BD Double Layer
50 GB
Mini BD Single Layer
7.8 GB
Mini BD Double Layer
15.6 GB
Hot Swappable Drive Types
USB, Firewire, SATA, eSATA (not IDE, PATA)
Most common secondary Phone/Tablet Storage Media Type
eMMC (embedded Multi Media Controller)
Nested (Hybrid) RAID
Combination of two or more of the standard RAID levels to gain performance, additional redundancy or both.
RAID 1
Mirroring: requires >= 2 discs, fault tolerance is 1/2 of the discs, hw/sw RAID allows for implementation on one drive.
RAID 0
Striping: requires >= 2 discs, cannot tolerate the failure of any disc, hw/sw.
RAID 5
Striping with Parity: requires >= 3 drives, business and Enterprise server RAID, can tolerate one drive failure, how swapping, slow writing.
RAID 10 (1+0)
Stripe of Mirrors: requires >= 4 drives, fault tolerance of 2 or 1/2 of the drives as long as the drives in fault aren’t mirrors, hw/sw (best with hw).
RAID Levels 2, 3, 4, 7, 0+1
Variations of primary RAID types.
RAID 6
Striping with Parity: Enterprise, one additional parity block, fault tolerance of 2 discs, requires >= 3 discs.
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
Name of Intel virtualization HW Enhancements?
VT-X
USB 1.1
Full Speed USB:
Max number of devices supported by a USB Host Controller?
127
Max USB device cable length?
5 meters for high speed devices and 3 meters for low speed devices.
VGA connectors are also know as?
DB-15, PE-15, HD-15 (3 row, 15 pin)
S/PDIF
S/Phillips Digital Interconnect Format: comes in fiber and coax configurations.
DVI-d
Digital only.
DVI-i
Digital and analog.
TRS Connectors
Ancient cylindrical phone and audio connector types with multiple circular contact points. Very common.
SATA
15 pin power, 7 pin data.
Max eSATA cable length?
2 meters.
S-Video
Separate video, video only, standard definition, lower color resolution than component.
VGA
video, analog only.
HDMI
19 pin, Type A
15 pin ATX power connector voltages?
+3.3v, +5v, +12v
AC Current?
110-120v US/Canada
220-240 World
IEEE 802.3
Wired Ethernet protocol.
CPU power is supplied by?
4/8 pin 12v connector.
Additional GPU power comes from?
PCIe 6/8 pin for 75/150 watts.
Mobo ATX connector has?
20 pins
Virtual printing formats?
XPS and PDF
LPT is a?
Legacy parallel printer port
Print sharing can be done over which wired connection types?
USB, parallel, Ethernet, serial.
Plenum rated cable jackets are made from?
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or FEP (fluoridated ethylene polymer).
RGB/RG59 are?
Coaxial cables.
IPv4 address length?
32 bit
10.000-10.255.255.255
Private class, non-routable, 23 bit block
APIPA
Automatic private IP addressing.
Windows function that provides DHCP autoconfiguration addressing. APIPA assigns a class B IP address from 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 to the client when a DHCP server is either permanently or temporarily unavailable.
IPv6 address length?
128 bit.
IPv6 Link Local address has prefix?
FE8::/16
Cables that protect against EMI?
STP, coaxial, fiber
CIDR Notation
Classless inter-domain routing notation, suffix indicates the number of bits in the prefix.
Ex. 192.168.2.0/24
Socket T
Intel LGA 775 (775 pins)