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HUN 4221 Exam 2 > Magnesium > Flashcards

Magnesium Flashcards

1
Q

Food sources

A 
Whole Grain
Legumes
Nuts 
Green leafy vegetables
Tofu 
Chocolate
Water
Intermediate
meats
Fruits
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2
Q

People who have cravings such as chocolate may be deficient in what?

A

Magnesium

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3
Q

What is hard water and soft water?

A

Hard water is high in magnesium

Soft water is high sodium

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4
Q

Where does magnesium absorption mainly occur?

A

In the small intestine

~40-60% absorbed

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5
Q

How is magnesium absorbed in the intestine?

A

By passive diffusion or active transport
In small intestine = paracellular diffusion
Large intestine = TRPM6 (main) and TRPM7 (a little)Ho

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6
Q

Substances that enhance absorption of magnesium

A

Vitamin D
Carbohydrates
-Lactose
-Fructose

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7
Q

Substances that inhibit absorption

A

Phytate
Fiber
Excess unabsorbed fatty acids

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8
Q

Magnesium interacts with which nutrients?

A

Calcium
phosphorus
Potassium
Protein

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9
Q

How is magnesium transported?

A

55% free as mg2+
30% bound to albumin
15% complexed with citrate, sulfate, phosphate

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10
Q

Serum mg ranges

A

1.8-2.3mg/dl

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11
Q

Does Mg have a specific transporter?

A

No, similar to calcium

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12
Q

Magnesium is regulated how?

A

It is regulated by the amount you excrete which is regulated by the kidneys
high excretion = high intake
low excretion = low intake

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13
Q

How does alcohol effect urinary Mg?

A

It increases it. More excretion.

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14
Q

Where is magnesium stored in the body?

A

Most of it is found in the skeleton (bones)

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15
Q

What are the functions of Mg?

A

Important intracellular cation
Ionized Mg2+ binds well to anions
Stabilize enzyme complexes

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16
Q

Most intracellular Mg is associated with what?

A

ATP, ADP, and associated enzymes

17
Q

Mg-ATP is used in

A 
Glucose metabolism
Energy storage and transfer
Signaling pathways
Ion transport
Lipid metabolism
18
Q

What does Mg do to RNA and DNA

A

Stabilizes it because the negatively charged ribose phosphate has high affinity for Mg

19
Q

Mg reacting with the hydrophilic phosphate heads of cell membranes affects what? What does this influence?

A

Affects the fluidity and permeability of the cell membrane

This influences ion channels, transporters, and signal transducers

20
Q

Disruption of the Na K ATPase by Mg depletion may lead to what?

A

Hypokalemia (low blood potassium)

21
Q

What is the Magnesium-Calcium interaction?

A

Mg is required for c-AMP formation because it is dependent on Mg
cAMP is required for PTH secretion

22
Q

What are the functions of PTH?

A

Bone calcium mobilization

Kidney calcium resorption

23
Q

What signals PTH to be secreted?

A

Low blood calcium

24
Q

The deficiency of Mg can inhibit the secretion of which hormone?

A

PTH

25
Q

Mg deficiency is related to osteoclasts how?

A

Osteoclasts become unresponsive to PTH in Mg deficiency

  • Bone remodeling is reduced
  • blood ca decreases
26
Q

Mg Assessment

A

Plasma Mg poor indicator because it is maintained in a very tight range
anything below 1.8 indicated Mg depletion

27
Q

How can Mg deficiency occur?

A

Not by diet

Mutation in TRPM6

28
Q

Mutation of TRPM6 leads to what?

A

Familial hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia, seizures, and tetany

29
Q

Can you get enough Mg without the TRPM6 protein?

A

No. It does not absorb much but what its enough to not be deficient. Removing this will cause there to be a deficiency

30
Q

In animals, Mg deficiency causes and can they be reversed?

A
  • Low plasma Mg
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Abnormal neuromuscular function
  • low PTH
  • Low 1,25(OH)D3 (Calcitriol)

Yes they can be reversed

31
Q

Severe Mg deficiency causes what?

A

Tetany (all muscles are locked up)
convulsions
neuromuscular tremors

32
Q

Clinical Mg Deficiency

A
  • Surgery
  • Blood transfusions: citrate chelating (citrate can bind to Ca and Mg. Ca is important for blood clotting. if you have a bag of blood stored, you do not want blood to clot. They add a lot of citrate to prevent all of the clotting factors. With so much citrate in the blood, the citrate will also bind to a lot of the Mg and render a state of Mg deficiency and that Mg is no longer metabolically active because it has been chelated to Citrate”
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • alcoholics
  • chronic malabsorptive problems
33
Q

Suboptimal Mg status has been associated with?

A

Cardiovascular and neuromuscular disease
diabetes
osteoporosis
migraines

34
Q

The UL for Mg represent what?

A

Pharmacological agents only.

They do not include intake from food and water

35
Q

Mg toxicity

A

Adverse effects only with supps
-primarily diarhhea (Mg supps can help with constipation)
-cathartic effect (vomiting)
Can not get toxic from food

HUN 4221 Exam 2 (7 decks)

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