Magma Flashcards
type of magma. has low silica content and gas and viscosity. relatively high temperature
Basaltic/Mafic Magma
type of magma. high gas and silica content
Andesitic/Intermediate Magma
type of magma. highest silica and gas content, most explosive. low temperature
Rhyolitic/Felsic Magma
effusive outpourings of lava
Lava flows
fountain of runny lava from a vent line or vents
Lava fountains
mounds that form when viscous lava is erupted
Lava domes
type of lava. forms a think, brittle crust as it cools. Torn into sharp pieces as lava moves underneath it
Aa
type of lava. thin, flexible crust as it cools. The crust wrinkles as the lava moves underneath it
Parahoehoe
type of lava. cool stiff lava that does not travel very far
Blocky Lava
type of lava. cools down very fast, underwater
Pillow Lava
are mixtures of fragmented volcanic particles, hot gases and ash
Pyroclastic Density Currents
form when ash and dust race down the side of a volcano like a river. Move at 200km/h
Pyroclastic Flows
being more dilute, more mobile currents
Pyroclastic Surge
are large blobs of lava that harden in the air
Volcanic bombs
are small bits of lava that harden before they hit the ground. size of pebbles
Lapili
forms when gases trapped in magma or lava form bubbles. When bubbles explode, they create millions of tiny pieces
Volcanic ash
large pieces of solid rock that come out of the volcano
Volcanic blocks
type of eruption. steam-driven eruption as hot rocks come in contact with water
Phreatic
type of eruption. violent eruption as contact between water and new magma happens.
Phreatomagmatic
type of eruption. weak, relatively mild blasts. fountain lava
Strombolian
type of eruption. tall eruption columns that reach up to 20km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra. dense cloud of ash laden gas
Vulcanian
type of eruption. excessively explosive type of eruption gas and pyroclastics
Plinian
