Madeira COPY

Question 1

Madeira

Number of miles from the coast of Portugal

Answer 1

625 miles

Question 2

torna viagem

Answer 2

“round trip”

• Reference to the lengthy ocean voyages through the tropics, where wines would be subjected to repeated heating and cooling

Question 3

What is the only other inhabited isle in the Madeira archipelago?

Answer 3

Porto Santo

• Where Madeira DOP wines may also be produced

Question 4

poios

Answer 4

basalt stone terraces

• Ring the island’s perimeter like steps on the nearly vertical mountainside

Question 5

Madeira

Most common training method

Answer 5

pergola system

• Combats the danger of fungal disease in the damp subtropical environment

Question 6

Latadas (Madeira)

Answer 6

low trellises in a pergola system

Question 7

levadas

Answer 7

canals

• Makes agriculture possible with the abundant rainfall on the higher mountainous peaks

Question 8

Madeira

Size of average grower’s estate

Answer 8

0.3 ha

• Often separated among several plots
• Thus, production is concentrated in the hands of several large companies

Question 9

Who regulates harvesting and production methods of Madeira wines?

Answer 9

Wine, Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira (IVBAM)

Question 10

Madeira

Town where most production companies are located

Answer 10

Funchal

• Madeira’s capital

Question 11

Number of production companies registered with the IVBAM

Answer 11

8

• Faria & Filhos 1949
• H.M. Borges 1877
• Henriques & Henriques 1850
• Madeira Vintners (Cooperativa Agricola do Funchal) 2013
• Madeira Wine Company 1913 as the Madeira Wine Association, the MWC formally changed its title in 1981
• Pereira D’Oliveira 1850 as a partidista
• Vinhos Barbeito 1946
• Vinhos Justino Henriques 1870

Question 12

Number of production companies that actively export wine

Answer 12

6

Question 13

Largest company in Madeira today

Answer 13

Vinhos Justino Henriques

• Responsible for half of the island’s exports

Question 14

2nd largest company in Madeira

Answer 14

The Madeira Wine Company

Question 15

Year the Madeira Wine Company formed

Answer 15

1913

• As an association of exporters and producers
• Blandy’s
• Cossart Gordon
• Leacock’s
• Miles

Question 16

Producer of Blandy’s and Cossart Gordon

Answer 16

The Madeira Wine Company

Question 17

Largest independent producer

Answer 17

Henriques & Henriques

Question 18

The only company that owns a significant amount of vineyards

Answer 18

Henriques & Henriques

Question 19

Where are shipping companies usually based?

Answer 19

London

Question 20

Example of a Madeira trader

Answer 20

Broadbent Selections

• A company founded by Bartholomew Broadbent (son of Michael) that selects wines produced by Justino’s

Question 21

partidistas

Answer 21

partidistas - store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit, similar to almacenistas of the Sherry trade

Question 22

Madeira

Principal noble white grapes of today

Answer 22

• Sercial (Esgana Cão)
• Verdelho (Gouveio)
• Boal (Bual, Malvasia Fina)
• Malmsey (originally Malvasia Candida, now more commonly Malvasia Branca de São Jorge)

Question 23

Madeira

Most common grape used if no variety is stated on the label

Answer 23

Tinta Negra

Question 24

Island’s workhorse grape

Answer 24

Tinta Negra

• Formerly Tinta Negra Mole
• Accounts for nearly 85% of total production

Question 25

T/F: The DOP prohibits using the name of the Tinta Negra variety on labels.

Answer 25

**True**

Question 26

What % of the variety is required if labeled by vintage?

Answer 26

**100%**

Question 27

Three American hybrid grapes that were introduced to Madeira during the phylloxera crisis

Answer 27

* **Cunningham** * **Jacquet** * **Isabella**

Question 28

Two great noble varieties of the 19th century that were not replanted

Answer 28

* **red Bastardo** * **white Terrantez**

Question 29

Liters of Bastardo produced in 2010

Answer 29

**4.5 liters**

Question 30

Prior to phylloxera of the 1870s, as many as 3,000 ha of vines existed on the island of Madeira; how many ha are planted today?

Answer 30

**just under 500 ha**

Question 31

Varietal wines from sweetest to driest

Answer 31

* **Malvasia** * **Boal** * **Verdelho** * **Sercial** (piercingly acidic dry wine that can often require decades to soften)

Question 32

2 noble white varietals harvested last

Answer 32

**Sercial and Verdelho**

Question 33

2 noble white varietals separated from their skins prior to fermentation

Answer 33

**Sercial and Verdelho**

Question 34

*estufa*

Answer 34

* **Stainless steel vat** * **Warms wine by circulating hot water through serpentine coils inside the tank** * **Heated to a temperature of 45-40 C (113-122 F)**

Question 35

Amount of time wine is held in an *estufa*

Answer 35

**min 3 months**

Question 36

*estágio*

Answer 36

**Period of rest, min 90 days** * After the Estufagem process is completed, and before the wine is transferred to cask for aging

Question 37

*Estufagem* Aging requirement

Answer 37

**2 years**

Question 38

*armazens de calor*

Answer 38

**Rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes** **vs. the direct heat of the estufa**

Question 39

*Canteiro* method

Answer 39

* **Cask-aged for min 2 years in lodge attics, bottled after 36mos total** *Method used for the best wines *Exposed to gentler, natural warmth of sun as it undergoes much slower process of maturation, preventing burnt caramelization of sugars and resulting bitter flavors associated with rapid heating

Question 40

*Canteiro* Aging requirement

Answer 40

**min 3 years prior to bottling** * Although the best Vinhos de Canteiro will remain in cask for 20 years or more

Question 41

While Sercial wines are considered dry, they may still contain around how many grams per liter of residual sugar?

Answer 41

**40-45 g/l rs**

Question 42

Madeira ## Footnote Varietal wines that tend to be the darkest in color with age

Answer 42

**Boal**

Question 43

Madeira Sweetest and softest varietal wines

Answer 43

**Malvasia (Malmsey**)

Question 44

Rainwater Madeira Main grape

Answer 44

**usullay 100% Tinta Negra**

Question 45

Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend Reserve Aging requirement

Answer 45

**min 5 yrs** (below 10 yrs)

Question 46

Maderia Multi-Vintage Blend Special Reserve Aging requirement

Answer 46

**min 10 yrs** (below 15 yrs) * Often made of a single noble variety, heated by the Canteiro method

Question 47

Madeira Colheita Aging requirement

Answer 47

**min 5 years prior to bottling** * Produced from a single vintage * May be a blend or a single varietal wine

Question 48

Another word sometimes used in place of Colheita

Answer 48

**"harvest"**

Question 49

Vintage Madeira Frasqueira Aging requirement

Answer 49

**20 years** * The epitome of Madeira

Question 50

Who produced wines in the traditional Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta style as late as the early 1900s?

Answer 50

**Shortridge Lawton** * Now a brand of the Madeira Wine Company

Question 51

Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend 7 styles/aging indications

Answer 51

Madeira Multi-Vintage Blends * **Rainwater**: Popular in US, usually 100% Tinta Negra, med dry, light style * **Seleccionado**: Labeled “Finest,” “Choice,” or “Select,” includes a blended wine that is min. 3 yrs old (but below five yrs), mostly Tinta Negra, Estufagem, aged in tank rather than cask * **Reserve (Reserva)**: min 5 yrs (below 10 yrs) * **Special Reserve (Reserva Especial)**: min 10 yrs (below 15 yrs), often single noble variety, Canteiro * **Extra Reserve**: min 15 yrs (below 20 yrs) * **5 Years Old, 10 Years Old, 15 Years Old, 20 Years Old, 30 Years Old, 40 Years Old, Over 50 Years Old** * **Solera**: Fractional blending, Canteiro, max 10% of solera's stock may be drawn off each year, and only 10 total additions may be made to each solera. Bottled with the starting date of the solera, but wines added to the solera may actually be older than the original wine—a solera on Madeira often served to extend the lifespan of a particular vintage, when there was little or no wine to sell in the following year. To accomplish this, producers refreshed soleras with stocks of older, rather than younger, wines.

Question 52

Vintage Madeira 3 Aging Indications

Answer 52

Madeira with a Vintage Date * **Colheita (Harvest)** * min 85% of the vintage * Aged min 5 yrs prior to bottling * Blend or single varietal * offers “vintage” Madeira w/o extended cask aging, complexity, or cost of true Vintage Madeira, or Frasqueira * "harvest" is sometimes used in place of Colheita, but producers are not allowed to use the word "vintage" on labels * **Frasqueira** * Aged min 20 yrs cask * ​may be aged longer—sometimes decades—in glass demijohns after the period of cask aging * like Colheita, blend or single varietal * since min 85% of the vintage is required, topped up with younger wines throughout the aging * Canteiro * Epitome of Madeira, one of the world’s legendary, long-lived wines * **Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta** * Exceptional rarity, underwent an ocean journey across the equator * Shortridge Lawton, now a brand of the Madeira Wine Company, produced wines in this traditional style as late as the early 1900s

Question 53

Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend Aging requirements * Reserve (Reserva): * Special Reserve (Reserva Especial): * Extra Reserve:

Answer 53

Madeira Multi-Vintage Blend * Reserve (Reserva): **min 5 yrs** **(below 10 yrs)** * Special Reserve (Reserva Especial): **min 10 yrs (below 15 yrs)**, often single noble variety, Canteiro * Extra Reserve: **min 15 yrs** **(below 20 yrs)**

Question 54

Vintage Madeira Colheita and Frasqueira Aging Requirements

Answer 54

* **Colheita: min 5 yrs** * **Frasqueira: min 20 yrs in cask** * may be aged longer—sometimes decades—in glass demijohns after the period of cask aging