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Fortified Wines > Madeira > Flashcards

Madeira Flashcards

1
Q

What is “Torna Viagem”?

A

“Round Trip”

-referring to the distinctive character of Madeira brought by lengthy ocean voyages: repeated heating and cooling.

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2
Q

What is Porto Santo?

A

The only other inhabited isle in the Madeira archipelago where Marsala DOP wines may be produced.

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3
Q

Describe the method in which most of the vineyards are trained in Madeira.

A

in a pergola system
-vines are suspended on low trellises known as Letadas in order to combat the dangers of fungal disease in the damp, subtropical environment

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4
Q

What is a levada?

A

Canals
-Madeira rises to a high altitude and the perpetual cloud cover over its mountainous interior results in abundant rainfall on the higher peaks which feeds the canals.

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5
Q

What are poios?

A

terraces sustained by basalt stone walls on Madeira

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6
Q

Who regulates harvesting and production methods of Madeira wine?

A

Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira

IVBAM

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7
Q

What is the capital of Madeira?

A

Funchal

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8
Q

What is the largest Madeira production company?

A

Vinhos Justino Henriques

-responsible for half of the Island’s exports

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9
Q

Who produces Blandy’s and Cossart Gordon?

A

The Madeira Wine Company.

-formed as an association of exporters and producers in 1913 and commands the second largest market share,

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10
Q

What is the largest independent producer of Madeira?

A

Henriques & Henriques

-the only company that owns a significant amount of vineyards

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11
Q

What is a Partidista?

A
  • a company which stores Madeira and sells it at maturity to other traders for a profit.
  • similar to the almancenistas of the sherry trade
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12
Q

Nam 7 Madeira production companies.

A 
H.M. Borges (1877)
Henriques & Henriques (1850)
Madeira Wine Company (1913)
Pereia d'Oliveira (1850 as a partidista)
Vinhos Barbeito (1946)
Vinhos Justino Henriques (1870)
Faria & Filhos (1949)
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13
Q

Name the 4 principle noble white grapes of Madeira.

A

Sercial (Esgana Cão)
Verdelho (Gouveio)
Boal (Bual, Malvasia Fina)
Malmsey (Malvasia Candida, Malvasia Branca de São Jorge)

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14
Q

What grape accounts for 85% of Madeira’s total production?

A

Tinta Negra

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15
Q

In what year was Tinta Negra upraded to a noble, recommended grape.

A

2015

-now allowed on labels

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16
Q

If a variety is included on the label of Madeira whatis the min. % of the stated grape required?

A

85%-if multi-vintage blend

100%-if vintage is indicated

17
Q

In what year did phylloxera strike Madeira?

A

1872

18
Q

Name 3 American hybrid grapes which were introduced to Madeira during the Phylloxera Crisis.

A

Cunningham
Jacquet
Isabella

19
Q

Name the 2 great noble grape varieties of the 19th century which were not replanted after phylloxera.

A

w-Terrantez

r-Bastardo

20
Q

Name the varietal wines of Madeira from driest to sweetest.

A

Sercial
Verdelho
Boal
Malvasia

21
Q

What is armazens de calor?

A
  • rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes rather than the direct heat of the estufa.
  • chiefly utilized by the Madeira wine company
  • lower temperatures over a longer time
22
Q

Describe the Canteiro process.

A
  • Used for producers’ best wines
  • wines are cask aged for a period of at least 2 years in lodge attics
  • wines are exposed to the gentler, natural warmth of the sun
  • may be bottled at min. 3 years of age
23
Q

What are Frasquieras?

A
  • the best Vinhos de Canteiro that remain in cask for 20 years or more
  • the rarest and most treasured wines of Madeira
24
Q

What is Rainwater Madeira?

A
  • a multi-vintage Madeira that is popular in the US
  • usually 100% Tinta Negra
  • youngest wine in the blend is a min. 3 years old
  • medium dry, light in style
25
Q

What is Seleccionado?

A
  • Often labeled “finest”, “choice”, or “select”
  • include a blended wine that is at least 3 years old but below 5 years old
  • heated in Estufagem and aged in tank rather than cask
26
Q

What are the aging restrictions for Reserve(Reserva) Madeira?

A

5 years of age but below 10 years of age

27
Q

What are the aging restrictions for special reserve Madeira?

A

10 years of age or older but below 15 years of age.

28
Q

What are the aging restrictions for Extra Reserve Madeira?

A

15 years old or older but below 20 years of age.

29
Q

Which Madeira varietals are picked first?

A

Boal and Mamsey

-may undergo and shorter fermentation on the skins

30
Q

What are the 2 modern heating methods used in Madeira?

A

Estufagem and Canteiro

31
Q

How does the estufa work?

A
  • it is a stainless steel vat that warms wine by circulating hot water through serpentine coils inside the tank
  • the wine is heated to 45-50 degrees C (113-133 degrees F) and held there for at least 3 months
32
Q

What is estagio?

A
  • a period of rest once the estufagem process i completed

- a minimum of 90 days before transferring to cask for aging

Fortified Wines (5 decks)

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