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Fortified Wines MS > Madeira > Flashcards

Madeira Flashcards

1
Q

Madeira: Hectares planted

A

478.6 ha/1183 acres (2011)

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2
Q

Madeira: Major production areas

A

Câmara de Lobos (175.9 ha; central southern)
São Vicente (133.7 ha; north by northwest)
Santana (73.6 ha; central northern; farthest north)
(2011)

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3
Q

Madeira - Tinta Negra: plantings perctage of total

A

55.00%

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4
Q

Madeira: 6 Major Grape Varieties

A 
(In decreasing order of acreage)
Tinta Negra
Verdelho
Malvasia
Complexa
Sercial
Boal
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5
Q

Madeira: Malvasia Clones

A

Malvasia Branca de São Jorge and Malvasia Cândida

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6
Q

What is the only variety on Madeira that is capable of producing quality wines across the entire range of sweetness levels?

A

Tinta Negra

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7
Q

Madeira - Tinta Negra: Synonyms

A

Tinta Negra Mole (TNM)

Negramoll

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8
Q

Madeira: Last Grape to Ripen-3 distinct characteristics

A

Sercial
•Achieves full aromatic potential around 11º potential alcohol
•It requires 7-8 years of canteiro aging before it begins to express its varietal character in wine
•It grows best at higher altitudes

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9
Q

Madeira - Pre-Phylloxera: Most planted variety

A

Verdelho

•Two-thirds of plantings

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10
Q

Madeira - Boal: Synonym

A

Malvasia Fina

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11
Q

Madeira - Boal: Disease pressures

A

Boal is highly susceptible to powdery mildew and prefers the warmer, drier south coast growing regions

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12
Q

Madeira - Malvasia Cândida: Synonym

A

Malvasia di Liparia

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13
Q

Madeira: First Variety on the Island

A

Malvasia Cândida - 1400s

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14
Q

Madeira - Malvasia Branca de São Jorge: Synonym

A

Malmsey

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15
Q

Madeira - Malvasia Branca de São Jorge: Can be labeled

A

“Malmsey” but not “Malvasia”

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16
Q

Madeira - Terrantez: Synonym

A

Folgasão

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17
Q

Madeira - Bastardo: Synonym

A

Trousseau

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18
Q

Madeira - Complexa: Crossing, Why?

A

(Castelão x Tintinha) x Muscat of Hamburg

•Developed in Portugal in the 1960s and introduced to Madeira in the 1970s as a Tinta Negra alternative.

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19
Q

Madeira: Rainwater Madeira

A

A light, medium-dry style and a favorite among the 19th century American South. Today, Rainwater is produced from Tinta Negra.
•Produced via estufagem
•min 3 years old

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20
Q

Madeira: “Seleccionado”

A

Generally produced via estufagem. The youngest type of Madeira wine that is generally produced with Tinta Negra grapes and aged for min. 3 years but max 5 years old.

Often labeled: “Finest”, “Choice”, or “Select”

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21
Q

Madeira: Permissible Indications of Age for Mutli-Vintage Blends

A 
•Rainwater: 3-years old
•Seleccionado: 3- to 5-years old
•Reserve: 5-year old
•Special Reserve: 10-year old
•Extra Reserve: 15-year old
20-, 30- and 40-year-old Wines
•Solera
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22
Q

Madeira: “Reserve”

A

5-year-old (Max 10 years of age)

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23
Q

Madeira: “Special Reserve”

A

AKA “Reserva Especial”

10-year-old (Max 15 years of age)

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24
Q

Madeira: “Extra Reserve”

A

15-year-old (Max 20 years of age)

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25
Q

Madeira: Production of wines with indication of age

A

Via canteiro process

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26
Q

Madeira: “Vintage”

A

May not appear on Madeira labels, “Colheita” means “vintage” and may be used instead

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27
Q

Madeira: Variety labeling requirements

A

85% of stated variety

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28
Q

Madeira: Vintage labeling requirements

A

85% - younger wines are usually used to top up
•Term “Vintage” may not be used on the labels
•Must used “Colheita” instead

29
Q

Madeira - Colheita: Aging and Production

A

Colheita wines undergo canteiro and may not be bottled until 10/31 of the 5th year following the harvest

30
Q

Madeira - Frasqueira: Aging and Production

A

Vintage Madeira
•Aging: MIN. 20 years in cask wines undergo canteiro aging for a min of 20 years in wood
•Some producers will transfer the wines to glass demi-johns after 20 years to stop the evaporation and aging

31
Q

Madeira: Sweetness levels

A
  • Extra Dry (Extra Seco)
  • Dry (Seco)
  • Medium Dry (Meio Seco)
  • Medium Rich/Sweet (Meio Doce)
  • Rich/Sweet (Doce)

**Can be used to label wines aged less than 5 years

32
Q

Madeira: Alcohol Range

A

17-22%

33
Q

Madeira: Vinho da Torno

A

A synonym for Vinho da Roda

•AKA Vinho da Volta

34
Q

Madeira: Min Aging

A

It may not be sold until 10/31 of the 2nd year after the harvest

35
Q

Madeira - Vinho de Canteiro: Aging

A

2 years in wood and may not be bottled for 36 months after the final fortification

36
Q

Madeira - Vinho de Estufagem: Aging

A

It may be bottled after 12 months from the conclusion of the estufagem process

37
Q

Madeira - Solera Madeira: Aging

A

a min of 5 years in the solera (only 10% may be drawn off each year)
•Only 10 total additions may be made to each solera

38
Q

Madeira - Solera Madeira: Labeling

A

Labeled with the starting date of the solera

•But wines added to the solera may actually be older than the original wine

39
Q

Madeirense DOP:
•Styles
•Aging
•Alcohol

A

Styles:
•Still Red, white, rosé

Aging:
•Still Red - 6 months
•Still White/Rosé - none

Alcohol Mins:
•Still White/Rosé - 10.5%
•Still Red - 11.5%

40
Q

Madeirense DOP: AOC Established

A

1999

41
Q

Madeira: Name for varieties

A

Castas

42
Q

Madeira DOP: Permitted style

A

Vinho Licoroso (Fortified)

43
Q

Madeira DOP: “Recommended” White Grape Varieties

A
  • Terrantez
  • Malvasia Fina (Boal)
  • Malvasia Cândida (Malvasia di Lipari)
  • Sercial
  • Verdelho
44
Q

Madeira - Malvasia Fina: May be labeled

A

Boal

45
Q

What distinct variety was once thought to be identical to Folgasão?

A

Terrantez

46
Q

Madeira DOP: “Recommended” Red Grape Varieties

A
  • Bastardo
  • Malvasia Cândida Roxa (Malvasia Roxa)
  • Tinta (Tinta da Madeira)
  • Tinta Negra (Tinta Negral Mole)
  • Verdelho Tinto
47
Q

Madeira - South Side Growing Region: Municipal Districts

A 
Madeira South Side:
•Calheta
•Câmara de Lobos
•Funchal
•Ponta do Sol
•Cruz
•Ribeira Brava
•Machico
48
Q

Madeira - North Side Growing Region: Municipal Districts

A
  • Porto Moniz
  • São Vicente
  • Santana
49
Q

Madeira Growing Region: Island

A

Porto Santo

50
Q

Madeira - Estufagem: Temperature

A

MIN 50º C for MIN. 90 days

51
Q

Madeira: Latitude

A

30º to 33º latitude

52
Q

Madeira: Vine Training

A
  • Latada: a horizontal trellis for training vines (common)

* Espaldeira: vertical vine-training on stakes (rare)

53
Q

Madeira: Fortification

A

•MIN 96% abv grape spirit (often imported from France)

54
Q

Madeira: Ballasted wines

A

Vinhos ao Roda: wines that had undergone the torna viagem (round trip)

55
Q

Madeira: heating method for the best wines

A

Vinhos Canteiro

•Casked-aged in lodge attics for 2 years

56
Q

Madeira: Região Demarcada Established

A

1929

•Along with the Dão and Vinho Verde

57
Q

Madeirense DOP: DOC Established

A

1999

58
Q

Madeira: armazens de calor

A

Warmed rooms used for delicately heating wines for the estufagem process. The wines are placed in rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes rather than direct heat of the estufa.

59
Q

On Madeira, when are wines destined for Frasqueira or Colheita usually identified?

A

Regardless of the harvest outlook, a wine only reveals its potential for Frasqueira or Colheita quality after a lengthy period of aging.

60
Q

Madeira: Governing Body and Responsibilities

A

Madeira Institute of Wine, Embroidery and Handicrafts (IVBAM)

Responsibilities:
•Authorizes Planting
•Sets harvest dates
•Recommends (rather than mandates) grape prices
•Regulates the purchase of wine alcohol for fortification
•Oversees the estufagem process by sealing the estufas and temperature controls for at least 3 months
•They place seals on cask set to age for a min. 5 years for EU grant money
•Document and check aging declaration (5-, 10-, 20-year old etc.)

61
Q

If there is no bottling date on a Madeira wine, one can roughly approximate age by checking what?

A

Looking at the seal on the neck:
•1937 to 1979 - JNV (Junta Nacional do Vinho) controlled the production of Madeira

  • 1979 to 2006 - IVM (Madeira Wine Institute)
  • 2006 to present - IVBAM: the Madeira Wine Institute was merged with the embroidery institute
62
Q

Madeira: Largest Producer

A

Justino’s

63
Q

Madeira: Producer that owns land

A

Henriques & Henriques

•They own 12 ha

64
Q

Madeira: Producers

A
  • H.M. Borges
  • Henriques & Henriques
  • Madeira Wine Company
  • Pereira D’Oliveira
  • Vinhos Barbeito
  • Vinhos Justino Henriques
  • Faria & Filhos
65
Q

On Madeira, who stores wine and sells it at maturity to other traders for a profit?

A

Partidistas: similar to the almacenistas of the Sherry trade

•Pereira D’Oliveira was founded in 1850 as a partidista

66
Q

Madeira: 3 types of companies involved in Madeira wine trade

A
  • Producers (generally also export)
  • Madeira trader (aka shipper; select wines produced by others)
  • Partidistas (those who store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit)
67
Q

Madeira: Phylloxera

A

1872

68
Q

Madeira: Vinho da Volta

A

A synonym for Vinho da Roda

•AKA Vinho da Torno

Fortified Wines MS (5 decks)

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