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EYE matrix > Macular degeneration 1B > Flashcards

Macular degeneration 1B Flashcards

1
Q

What is macular degeneration characterized by?

A

it is characterized by drusen deposits between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the Bruch’s membrane

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2
Q

What is the Bruch’s membrane?

A

it is the membrane that lines the underlying choroid

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3
Q

What is drusen?

A

Small colloid bodies

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4
Q

What are the types of macular degeneration?

A

Early and intermediate age related macular degeneration (AMD) and advanced/ Late AMD

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5
Q

What are the types of advanced /late AMD?

A

Dry and wet

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6
Q

What happens in the dry subtype of advanced/late AMD?

A

it is atrophic and drusen in macula causes progressive atrophy of the RPE

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7
Q

What is another name for wet advanced AMD?

A

Neovascular or exudative

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8
Q

What happens in wet advanced AMD?

A

New vessels form from choroid into retina and leak causing scarring and possible detachment

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9
Q

Another name for Macular degeneration which refers to the preclinical stages of the disease?

A

Age related maculopathy

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10
Q

Given the fact that AMD is a major cause of blindness in the UK; what is the percentage of AMD in individuals >60years old?

A

5%

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11
Q

What is micro/macropsia?

A

These are a set of conditions collectively known as dysmetropsia; in which object appear larger or smaller

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12
Q

Is loss or blurring of vision with grey/black scotoma a symptom of AMD?

A

yes

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13
Q

Are the visual symptoms experienced in AMD typically unilateral or bilateral?

A

usually bilateral but can be asymmetrical

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14
Q

What is common symptom in wet AMD?

A

photopsia (flashes) or floaters

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15
Q

What signs can be elicited during an exam in a patient with AMD?

A

reduced visual acuity; fundoscopy may show drusen, pigment changes, atrophy, hemorrhages, detachment, scarring (thick yellow patch)

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for AMD?

A

age, Fhx, smoking, HTN, obesity

17
Q

What investiagtions can be done in AMD?

A

slit lamp exam, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography

18
Q

What does a slit-lamp exam typically diagnose?

A

early and dry AMD

19
Q

What does an optical coherence tomography show?

A

it does not diagnose but it is used to rule out wet AMD

20
Q

How does a fluorescein angiography confirm the diagnosis of Wet AMD?

A

it uses a retinal angiogram with IV dye

21
Q

What is the mnanagement of AMD ?

A

supportive treatment, high dose micronutrient(vitamin C & E and zinc for intermediate or late dry AMD)

22
Q

Is there a specific treatment for Dry AMD?

A

No

23
Q

What are specific treatment options for wet AMD?

A

VEGF by intravitreal injection (4-8 weekly) e.g. ranibizumab or bevacizumab

24
Q

What is an alternative treatment option which can be specific for wet AMD?

A

photodynamic therapy

EYE matrix (31 decks)

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