Glaucoma 1B Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology of acute angle closure glaucoma?
Closure of the iridocornaeal angle which results in increase in intraoccular pressure (IOP)
What are the risk factors for acute angle closure glaucoma?
female, >60 years, hyperopia
What are the symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma?
red eye (painful), frontal headaches, Haloes around light, blurred and visual loss
What causes haloes around light in glaucoma?
it is due to compression of the optic nerve due to increase in IOP
What are the signs of glaucoma?
corneal oedema, haziness, cupping of the optic disk, non-reactive mid dilated pupil
What is the gold standard investigation of acute angle closure glaucoma?
Gonioscopy (examining the anterior chamber angle)
What does a tonometry show?
IOP >30mmHg
What is the mainstay of treatment in acute angle closure glaucoma?
treat fast, immediate referral to ophthalmology
Why are topical agents used in glaucoma?
to reduce the IOP
What are the classes of medication and treatment that can be used and examples?
muscarinic agonist e.g. pilocarpine + beta blocker e.g. timolol + alpha-2 agonist e.g. clonidine
When should azetazolamide be avoided?
sickle cell disease
In refractory glaucoma, what is the treatment?
laser peripheral iridectomy
