Macrophages

Question 1

What can you add to moncytes for Dc differentiation?

Answer 1

GM-CSF and IL-4

Question 2

What is a very good marker for macrophages in the mouse?

Answer 2

F4 80.

Question 3

Where can you find F4-80 macrohpages generally?

Answer 3

Stromal macrophages in the bone marrow,.
Lie around endothelium are sinusoidal macrophages (blood).
Lie under endotheilum, are perivascular macrophages.on tissue side.
Or tissue resident.
lie under epithelium or over and free of epithelium.

Question 4

What role can stromal marcohpags play in RBC development?

Answer 4

During their dev.RBC associate with macrophage stromal cells and lose nucleus,
Nucleus engulfed.

Question 5

What do other myeloid cells (not blood cells) use to attach to stromal macrophages?

Answer 5

sialo adhenin (CD169).

Question 6

Where in the spleen is there a population of F4 80 macrophages?

Answer 6

In the white pulp they don’t express F4 80 (but do in red pulp for clearance of senescent RBCs.)

Question 7

Where in spleen is there a CD169 (sialoadhesin population)

Answer 7

In the marginal zone. Shows microhetergeneity.

Question 8

Where is there hetergenoity in the microglia?

Answer 8

start with stubby processes that develop.
Longer in grey matter than white matter.
Develop with age too.

Question 9

What function do microglial play in brain development? What is this process dependent on?

Answer 9

Importat for motor funtion and refinement of synapses.

Process dependent on complement. (C1q and C3).

Question 10

What is the difference between Csf-1 and Csf-2?

Answer 10

M-CSF (csf-1) and Gm-CSF= csf2.

Question 11

What does transcriptome analysis of tissue macrophage pouplation show?

Answer 11

core genes + tissue specific genes.

Also microhetergeneity.

Question 12

What connnexin links macrophages to the cardiomyotcytes?

Answer 12

connexin 43.

Question 13

What do macrophages around AV node do?

Answer 13

MOdulate electrical activity of cardiomyoctyes, if KO then you get bradycardia.

Question 14

What other function do macrophages have in heart?

Answer 14

Phagoctyose exophers from heart cells that contain predominantly dysfunctional mitochondria.

Question 15

How do macrophages detect exophers?

Answer 15

with MERTk receptor for PS on exophers.

Question 16

What does inflmmation do to the exphoer and autphagsomal pathway?

Answer 16

inihbits it when exophers not degraded.

Question 17

What kind of cellular interactions do macrophages have?

Answer 17

lymphocytes (T and B cells), tumours cells (MDSC) and apoptotic cells, and themselves (fusion).

Question 18

What pathogens can they recongise?

Answer 18

viruses, extra and intra cellular bacteria, funig.

Question 19

After priming and activation (by TLR stimuli) what is the next step?

Answer 19

resolution- TGF-B IL-10 and lipoxines from the arachadnoic pathway.

Question 20

Are sinuisoidal kupffer cells F480 positive or negative?

Answer 20

They are negative.

Question 21

What is CD68 a marker of?

Answer 21

tissue macorphages and monocyte derived macrophages.

Question 22

What is the pH drop in the pahagosome mediated by?

Answer 22

vacuolar ATPase, then lysoszyme pH contineus to drop.

Question 23

3 ways pathogens can interefer with the membranes of phagocsomes to persist?

Answer 23

Viruses can fuse with the membrane and escape.
Other types of membrane disruption for escape.
Blocknig fusion of phagosomewith lysosomes and organelles.

Question 24

What signalling molecule is involed in dectin signalling?

Answer 24

syk, synegises with TLRs to enhace cytokine and chemokine production.

Question 25

Two ways of respiratory bursts killing?

Answer 25

Production of ROS that can directly damage pathogen.
Or fusion with other vacuoles containgin myeloid peroxidase and catalase containing peroxisomes to produce toxic oxidants from H2020 (HOCL?)

Question 26

what are giant cells in Tb called?

Answer 26

Langhans cells

Question 27

What pro live signal does SIRPa bind to?

Answer 27

CD-47 is an anti-apoptotic signal.