Innate immunity fernando overview

Question 1

What cells infiltrate and are importnat for wound healing in the skin?

Answer 1

neutrohphils and macrophages

Question 2

What kind of 3 categories of innate immunity are there?

Answer 2

physical (barriers), chemical and cellular

Question 3

What sorts of preformed components are important immediate innate response?

Answer 3

complement, collectins and ficolins, mucus, nautral Ig. AND PENTRAXINS.

Question 4

What innate immunity is seen in the early induced response?

Answer 4

Recognition of PAMPs and cellular rsponses, DC migration etc.

Question 5

What are the 3 external defences of innate immune system?

Answer 5

barrier (skin+ tight junctions) mucous membranes, secretions (can include IgA and lysozymes, acidic secretions, AMP).

Question 6

4 broad INternal defences?

Answer 6

AMPs, phagocytes, NK cells and inflammatory responses.

Question 7

what mechaical and fluidmovement in skin, GI tract? Respiratory? urogenital and eyes?

Answer 7

Skin you have sweating and sloughing off of skin.
GI, you have movement of fluid and mucus food and saliva.
Respiratory, fluidand mucus movement by primary cilaia.
Urogential tract, flow of fluid, mucus, sperm and urin.
Eyes, flow of tears?

Question 8

Secretions in skin, GI tract? Respiratory? urogenital and eyes?

Answer 8

Sebum secretions in the skin can contacain lactic acid and lysozyme.
Gi tract secretions, acid and proteases.
Respiratory tract, lysozoymes in nasal secretions.
urogential tract secretions, acidity in vagina, spermine (zinc in semen)
eyes, lycsosomal sectretion in tears.

Question 9

what additional defences of barriers?

Answer 9

the microflora and AMPs.

Question 10

What three kinds of junctions do you have at epithelial surfaces?

Answer 10

tight junctinos (occludins and claudins), desmosomes and gap junctions and (adherens?).

Question 11

what kind of molecules do desmosomes use for attachments and what cytoskeletal component are they attached to?

Answer 11

desmogleins and desmocollins. Attached to intermediate filaments.

Question 12

Molecules involved in tight junctions

Answer 12

occludins and claudins attached via adaptors to actin cytoskeleton.

Question 13

What cytokine can alter the permeability of gap junctions? What kinase does it activate, and what cytokines antagonise this?

Answer 13

TNF-a activates MLCK (kinase) which increases the permeability of epithelium, and IL-10 and TGF-B prevent this.

Question 14

What symptoms associated with occludin and claudin mutations?

Answer 14

Mostly perinatal death. May get barrier defects like itchyosis and scherolising cholangitis. Or CNS myeloid and schwann cell defects.

Question 15

What 2 chemical barriers are particularly important?

Answer 15

lactoferrin and lysoszymes, they have synergistic effects onE.coli killing.

Question 16

What do lysozymes cleave?

Answer 16

Cleave peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls.

Question 17

What other iron sequestering molecules are there?

Answer 17

lactoferrin, ferritin and hepcidin (liver).

Question 18

what kind of glycosylation events for mucins?

Answer 18

N and O glycostylation, prevents proteolysis and degradation by glucases.

Question 19

Why have different mucins?

Answer 19

To select for and deal with different bacteria.

Question 20

Generally two different types of mucins?

Answer 20

membrane-associated mucins (e.g. Muc1,3 and 4)

Secreted mucins, e.g. Muc2 and Muc5ac.

Question 21

where are the secretory mucins 2 and 5ac important?

Answer 21

muc2 is important in the small intestine and colon, and Muc5ac important in the stomach.

Question 22

What are three general models of AM peptide actions?

Answer 22

pore formation, thinning of memrbanes (targeting specific phospholipids), and influencing membrane polarisation.

Question 23

What are 2 particularly important AMPs for neutrophils? and what kind of structure?

Answer 23

cathelicidin has an a helix, and B human defensin in neutrohpils has a a helix and B pleated sheet that inserts into the membrane.

Question 24

what are AM proteases? Where are they important/ cells produced

Answer 24

lysozymes, are found in the intestine, tears, and saliva nasal sections.
Also found in the sebum of the skin.

Question 25

Where are the a defesins HNP1-3 and RNAase3 important in?

Answer 25

In neutrophils.

Question 26

What cells produce Human defensins 5 and 6?

Answer 26

the panneth cells.

Question 27

Where are histidines found?

Answer 27

In the saliva.

Question 28

What are the AMps that are induced by Il-1 and Growth factors in epidermal and epithelial cells?

Answer 28

B defensins 2 and 3.

Question 29

What cells produce natural antibodies (no stimulation)

Answer 29

MZ and B1a cells.

Question 30

What epitopes are natural antibodies aginst?

Answer 30

bias towards cell surface epitopes like oligosaccharides (and some oxidation specific epitopes).

Question 31

How do IgA natural antiboides have a regulataroyt role?

Answer 31

Binding to Fc receptors as monomers induces inhibitory ITAM signalling.
But when antigen present and clustering occurs you have actiavitno.

Question 32

What are the short and long pentraxins and where are they produced from?

Answer 32

short= CRP and SAP producedby hepatocytes.
long= pTX3 produced by monocytes DCs, fibroblast etc.

Question 33

What do short and long petnraxins bind?

Answer 33

Microrognaisms and complement components like C1q and Factor H, and ficolin.
Also bind components of the ECM (short pentraxins includes college and laminins)

Question 34

What are the collectins? What other molecules do they look like? where are they produced?

Answer 34

SP-1 SP-2 and MBL. MBL looks like ficolin and C1q.

Produced by hepatocytes and lungs.

Question 35

What do ficolins and mBL bind to?

Answer 35

bind to mannose and carbohydrates of the bacterial cell wall.

Question 36

What does properdin help to bind to>

Answer 36

Binds to C3b.