Macrophages. Flashcards
When are macrophages known as macrophages?
When they are in the blood.
What is a monocyte?
A macrophage in the tissues.
What name is given to macrophages in the brain?
Microglia.
What name is given to macrophages in the spleen?
Splenic macrophages.
What name is given to macrophages in the bone?
Osteoclasts.
What name is given to macrophages in the liver?
Kupffer cells.
What is the major similarity between macrophages and neutrophils?
They can both perform phagocytosis.
Do macrophages or neutrophils have a longer lifespan?
Macrophages have a much longer lifespan than neutrophils.
Will macrophages die after phagocytosing one pathogen?
No, they can phagocytose more than one pathogen within their lifetime.
Will neutrophils or macrophages respond quicker to infections?
Neutrophils.
What will activate a macrophage?
Exposure to bacterial proteins and inflammatory markers.
What factors will down regulate the activity of a macrophage?
Steroids and prostaglandins.
Are macrophages or neutrophils involved in the repair of damaged cells?
Macrophages are involved in repair and neutrophils are not.
Macrophages have receptors for what 5 molecules?
The FC region of an antibody.
Complement proteins.
Integrins.
Cytokines.
PRR’s for common microbial proteins.
Can macrophages make cytokines?
Yes, so can neutrophils.
Can macrophages express integrins?
Yes.
Is the cytokine IL-8 made by neutrophils or macrophages?
By neutrophils.
Can neutrophils or macrophages carry out sustained phagocytosis?
Macrophages.
Will dead neutrophils activate macrophages?
Yes.
What 2 ways do macrophages use to kill pathogens?
Oxidative and non-oxidative methods.
They secrete lysozyme and protease’s.
Can macrophages make compliment proteins?
Yes.
Will macrophages produce cytokines?
Yes.
What is the function of cytokines?
They attract more immune cells to come to the infection site.
What are the 4 cytokines that are produced by macrophages?
IL-1.
IL-6.
IL-12.
TNF-𝛂.
What allows macrophages to communicate with the adaptive immune system?
Cytokines.
In what 2 ways are macrophages involved in wound healing?
They produce proteinase which breaks down collagen.
They are angiogenic and produce growth factors that encourage the development of new blood vessels.
Can macrophages slow down inflammation?
Yes, if it is necessary.
Are macrophages or neutrophils antigen presenting cells?
Macrophages are antigen presenting cells as they trap and present antigens to lymphocytes.
