Macronutrients Flashcards
How does metabolism works?
- First you ingest the food through the mouth.
- Digestion begins with saliva, the food passes through the esophagus and is finished digesting in the stomach.
- The liver and pancreas secrete enzymes
- Nutrients begin to be absorbed in the duodenum (small intestine) and enter the circulation.
- Then the large intestine finishes absorbing water and electrolytes, and then gets rid of what was not needed.
Is the main important source of the energy, especially for the brain, is important in stress starvation
Carbohydrates
When I don’t have glucose I use _______ to produce energy.
Glycogen
Important component for the activation of a lot of enzymes and is a part of ATP
Phosphor
we obtain cofactores, 1 molecule of GTP(very similar to ATP). I produce NADH and FADH, there going to the respiratory chain, fosforilación oxidativa.
Krebs cycle
When i dont have enough glucose to produce energy, the body activates
Gluconeogesis
Main gluconeogenic substrates
Alanine, glutamine, glycerol (viene de los TG), lactate (vienen del liver)
When cannot use the glycogen in my muscle, but i can use the lactate that produces in the metabolism of glycogen in the muscle
in critically enfermedad produce acidosis láctica
what rout is it?
Cori cycle
Main buffers in our body
- Lungs (accelerate respiration to maintain my pH, exchange )
- Kidneys (liberate phosphoric acid bicarbonate depending the scenery we need in order to maintain pH)
Large molecules that are made of amino-acids and have nitrogen in their composition
Proteins
We cannot produce by our body
Essential amino acid
We can produce in our body
Non essential amino acid
What are the non essential amino acid?
- Glycine
- Alanine
- Serine
- Aspartic Acid
- Asparagine
- Glutamic acid
- Glutamine
- Arginine
- Proline
What are the essential amino acid?
- Histidine → is only in kids
- Cysteine and Tyrosine → depend of the consumption of the other amino acid
- Valine
- Leucine
- Isoleucine
- Treonine
- Metionin
- Lysin
- Tryptofan
- Fenilalain
Is a mistake in our metabolism
phenylketonuria
Is the proceses that activates the zymogens to digest the proteins that a we eat; when we eat, chlorhydric acid sends a signal to the body so that the tails (ends) of the amino acids, which make the enzyme inactive, come off.
Deamination
The amino group is going to be remove of my protein
Deamination
chloridric acid activates pepsin, converting it to
Pepsinogen
The form that we obtain energy from lipids
b-oxidation
What are the fases for the lipids absorption?
- Intraluminal
- Absorption phase into the bloodstream
What is the main purpose of b-oxidation?
Produce the acetilos that we need in krebs cycle
