Macronutrients

Question 1

How does metabolism works?

Answer 1

1. First you ingest the food through the mouth.
2. Digestion begins with saliva, the food passes through the esophagus and is finished digesting in the stomach.
3. The liver and pancreas secrete enzymes
4. Nutrients begin to be absorbed in the duodenum (small intestine) and enter the circulation.
5. Then the large intestine finishes absorbing water and electrolytes, and then gets rid of what was not needed.

Question 2

Is the main important source of the energy, especially for the brain, is important in stress starvation

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

When I don’t have glucose I use _______ to produce energy.

Answer 3

Glycogen

Question 4

Important component for the activation of a lot of enzymes and is a part of ATP

Answer 4

Phosphor

Question 5

we obtain cofactores, 1 molecule of GTP(very similar to ATP). I produce NADH and FADH, there going to the respiratory chain, fosforilación oxidativa.

Answer 5

Krebs cycle

Question 6

When i dont have enough glucose to produce energy, the body activates

Answer 6

Gluconeogesis

Question 7

Main gluconeogenic substrates

Answer 7

Alanine, glutamine, glycerol (viene de los TG), lactate (vienen del liver)

Question 8

When cannot use the glycogen in my muscle, but i can use the lactate that produces in the metabolism of glycogen in the muscle
in critically enfermedad produce acidosis láctica
what rout is it?

Answer 8

Cori cycle

Question 9

Main buffers in our body

Answer 9

1. Lungs (accelerate respiration to maintain my pH, exchange )
2. Kidneys (liberate phosphoric acid bicarbonate depending the scenery we need in order to maintain pH)

Question 10

Large molecules that are made of amino-acids and have nitrogen in their composition

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

We cannot produce by our body

Answer 11

Essential amino acid

Question 12

We can produce in our body

Answer 12

Non essential amino acid

Question 13

What are the non essential amino acid?

Answer 13

1. Glycine
2. Alanine
3. Serine
4. Aspartic Acid
5. Asparagine
6. Glutamic acid
7. Glutamine
8. Arginine
9. Proline

Question 14

What are the essential amino acid?

Answer 14

1. Histidine → is only in kids
2. Cysteine and Tyrosine → depend of the consumption of the other amino acid
3. Valine
4. Leucine
5. Isoleucine
6. Treonine
7. Metionin
8. Lysin
9. Tryptofan
10. Fenilalain

Question 15

Is a mistake in our metabolism

Answer 15

phenylketonuria

Question 16

Is the proceses that activates the zymogens to digest the proteins that a we eat; when we eat, chlorhydric acid sends a signal to the body so that the tails (ends) of the amino acids, which make the enzyme inactive, come off.

Answer 16

Deamination

Question 17

The amino group is going to be remove of my protein

Answer 17

Deamination

Question 18

chloridric acid activates pepsin, converting it to

Answer 18

Pepsinogen

Question 19

The form that we obtain energy from lipids

Answer 19

b-oxidation

Question 20

What are the fases for the lipids absorption?

Answer 20

1. Intraluminal
2. Absorption phase into the bloodstream

Question 21

What is the main purpose of b-oxidation?

Answer 21

Produce the acetilos that we need in krebs cycle