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Biology > Macromolecules Test > Flashcards

Macromolecules Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

6 elements most common in living things:

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur (C, H, N, O, P, S)

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2
Q

small molecular unit that is a building block of a larger molecule

A

MONOMER

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3
Q

chain of monomers

A

POLYMER

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4
Q

LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF HOW MANY BASIC MACROMOLECULES?

A

4

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 BASIC MACROMOLECULES THAT COMPRISE LIVING THINGS?

A

CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, PROTEINS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS

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6
Q

CARBOHYDRATES (AKA: WHATTTT?!)

A

SUGARS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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7
Q

CARBOHYDRATE ELEMENTS:

A

CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN (IN A 1:2:1 RATIO- 1C:2H:1O)

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8
Q

CARBOHYDRATE MONOMER:

A

MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGARS)

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9
Q

carb POLYMER

A

POLYSACCHRIDE — REMEMBER… SACCHRIDE LITERALLY MEANS SUGAR!!

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10
Q

CARBOHYDRATE FUNCTION?

A

STORE ENERGY; THEY ARE THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIVING THINGS!

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11
Q

EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES (SUGARS)

A

LACTOSE, GLUCOSE, SUCROSE, FRUCTOSE, CELLULOSE, STARCH!

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12
Q

WHAT SHAPE IS A CARBOHYDRATE?

A

HEXAGON!!!!

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13
Q

LIPIDS… AKA WHAT?

A

FATS

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14
Q

LIPID ELEMENTS

A

CARBON, OXYGEN, HYDROGEN …BUT NOT IN A 2:1 RATIO NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT

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15
Q

LIPID MONOMER:

A

GLYCEROL (3 FATTY ACID CHAINS)

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16
Q

LIPID POLYMER:

A

TRIGLYCERIDE

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17
Q

LIPID FUNCTION:

A

A SECONDARY ENERGY SOURCE, BUILD HORMONES, BUILD CELL MEMBRANES

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18
Q

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS

A

OILS, STEROIDS, WAXES

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19
Q

WHAT TYPE OF FATS ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

A

ssSSSATURATED FATS (ssSSINGLE BONDS!)

20
Q

WHAT TYPE OF FATS ARE LIQUID AT ROOM TEMP

A

UNSATURATED FATS (DOUBLE BONDS)

21
Q

ELEMENTS OF PROTEIN

A

CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, OXYGEN (NO SPECIFIC ORDER)

22
Q

PROTEIN MONOMER

A

AMINO ACIDS

23
Q

PROTEIN POLYMER

A

POLYPEPTIDE

24
Q

PROTEIN FUNCTION

A

PROVIDE LIVING THINGS WITH STRUCTURE

25
Q

EXAMPLES OF PROTEIN

A

HEMOGLOBIN, ENZYMES

26
Q

AMINO ACIDS ARE HELD TOGETHER WITH SPECIAL BONDS CALLED:

A

PEPTIDE BONDS

27
Q

proteins have a __ shape that determines its ____

A

specific shape, determines its function

28
Q

primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure

A

1..chain of amino acids,2,..coils/folds3..combinations,4..solid 3d shape

29
Q

nucleic acids elements:

A

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorous … the only damn one ok?

30
Q

Nucleic acid monomer

A

Nucleotide yuh

31
Q

Nucleic acid polymer

A

nucleic acid duh

32
Q

nucleic acid function

A

carry genetic information (it’s literally j dna and rna LMAOOOO)

33
Q

examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA, RNA (only examples in world)

34
Q

types of proteins

A

structural (provide support for cells/tissues), transport (carry substances through blood to the body), movement (responsible for muscle contraction), defense (protects body from pathogens), regulation (coordinate activity of different body systems)

35
Q

examples of types of proteins:

A

structural: hair and nails
transport: hemoglobin
movement: muscle fibers and cytoskeleton
defense: antibodies
regulation: hormones + enzymes

36
Q

Enzymes are ___

A

proteins, biological catalysts (catalysts are anything that speeds up a chemical reaction, ex. iron, vanadium oxide)

37
Q

enzyme shape? enzymes are __

with a _______

A

globular (shaped like a literal blob LMAO)

but with a UNIQUE 3D SHAPE YASS ENZYME

38
Q

what is an active site?

A

the location on the enzyme where the reactant binds (between the keyhole)

39
Q

what is a substrate?

A

… the reactant molecule(s) that binds to the enzyme

40
Q

EACH ENZYME ONLY CATALYZES (SPEEDS UP) ONE SPECIFIC CHEMOCAL REACTION

A

+B/C THEY’RE SO SPECIFIC AND THERE’S ALOT OF THINGS THE BODY HAS TO DO, THERE ARE OVER 4,000 ENZYMES PER CELL

41
Q

HOW DO ENZYMES SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS

A

LOWERING ACTIVATION ENERGY (ENERGY NEEDED TO START)

-an uncatalyzed reaction requires more activation energy and a catalyzed one requires less!!!!!!

42
Q

enzymes can bond reactant molecules together OR

A

enzymes can break reactant molecules apart

43
Q

so the exact job of an enzyme is to

A

speed up a reaction by lowering the energy needed to start it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

44
Q

enzyme activity is specific to

A

temp, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration

45
Q

enzyme characteristics

A

a. speeds up reactions b. lowers activation energy c. a protein d. REUSABLE e. specific pH and temp f. very specific shape and job

46
Q

during the reaction the substrate is turned into

A

product

Biology (3 decks)

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