macromolecules quiz Flashcards
organic compounds
contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
inorganic compounds
can have carbon and hydrogen, but not both
a polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind forming large polymers called…
macromolecules
large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules called… ; the building blocks of macromolecules
monomers
monomers can bind to each other to form complex molecules called… (______ = many)
polymers
monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called…
condensation reaction OR dehydration synthesis
the process in which complex molecules, such as polymers, breakdown
hydrolysis
4 main types of macromolecules
carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (CHO), proteins (CHON), nucleic acids (CHONP)
what is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?
1:2:1 (CH₂O)ₙ - [n= carbon atoms]
what’re the monomers of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
monosaccharides are _______ _______
simple sugars
examples of monosaccharides:
glucose, galactose, fructose
disaccharides have __ monosaccharides joined y dehydration synthesis
2
examples of disaccharides:
lactose, sucrose
what are polysaccharides?
carbohydrates formed from linking individual sugars into long chains
examples of polysaccharides:
starch, cellulose (in cell walls of plants), glycogen, muscles and liver (for quick energy)
lipids
fats, oils, waxes
lipids do NOT _________ __ ________
dissolve in water
lipids usually have 3 functions:
long-term energy storage, structural support in cell membranes, and serving as reactants for metabolic reactions
monomers for most lipids:
fatty acids
fatty acids are either…
saturated or unsaturated
saturated fatty acids have the _________ number of bonds and are full
maximum
unsaturated fatty acids have ______ _______ in the carbon chain and are NOT full
double bonds
a common lipid that contains fatty acids; they are glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids by condensation reaction
triglyceride
_______ are organic compounds composed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen atoms
proteins
proteins are the construction materials for body parts such as…
hair, skin, nails, blood
the monomer of proteins:
amino acids
help control chemical reactions by acting as catalysts
enzymes
________ _______ are complex organic molecules that store genetic information in the cell
nucleic acids
the monomers that make up most nucleic acids
nucleotides
nucleotides consist of:
sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate
3 main types of nucleic acids:
DNA, RNA, ATP
