biology big test- chapter 2 Flashcards
what is a chemical reaction
a process that changes one set of chemicals into another by changing the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds
what is a reactant
elements/compounds that enter a chemical reactants
what is a product
the elements/compounds made by a chemical reaction
chemical reactions that absorb energy often occur….
spontaneously, on their own
what is activation energy?
the energy needed to get a reaction started
catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
for a chemical reaction to take place…
…the reactants must collide with enough energy so that existing bonds break and new bonds form
what is a substrate
the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
the substrates bind to a site called the..
active site
endergonic reaction
absorbs energy
exergonic reaction
releases energy as the reaction happens
biochemical reaction
chemical reactions that rake place inside the cells of living things
metabolism
the sum of all the biochemical reactions in organisms
catabolic reaction =
exothermic reaction
anabolic reaction =
endothermic reactions
what is the general equation for an endothermic reaction?
reactants + heat –> product
water molecules are very _____
polar
water is an amazing…
…solvent
acids and bases are ____ compounds, meaning that they have a positive or negative charge
ionic
the pH of acids:
0-6
the neutral pH (the pH of water)
7
the pH of bases:
8-14
acids turn litmus paper what color?
acids turn blue litmus paper red
bases turn litmus paper what color?
bases turn red litmus paper blue
what is polarity
the difference in electrical charge between different parts of the same molecules
what is a solution
mixture of 2+ substances that has the same composition throughout
what is an ion
electronically charged atom/molecule
acidity
the concentration of hydroniums in a solution
a solution with lower concentration of hydronium ions than water has a ph ________ than 7
higher
