biology big test- chapter 2

Question 1

what is a chemical reaction

Answer 1

a process that changes one set of chemicals into another by changing the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds

Question 1

what is a reactant

Answer 1

elements/compounds that enter a chemical reactants

Question 2

what is a product

Answer 2

the elements/compounds made by a chemical reaction

Question 3

chemical reactions that absorb energy often occur….

Answer 3

spontaneously, on their own

Question 4

what is activation energy?

Answer 4

the energy needed to get a reaction started

Question 5

catalyst

Answer 5

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 6

for a chemical reaction to take place…

Answer 6

…the reactants must collide with enough energy so that existing bonds break and new bonds form

Question 7

what is a substrate

Answer 7

the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Question 8

the substrates bind to a site called the..

Answer 8

active site

Question 9

endergonic reaction

Answer 9

absorbs energy

Question 10

exergonic reaction

Answer 10

releases energy as the reaction happens

Question 11

biochemical reaction

Answer 11

chemical reactions that rake place inside the cells of living things

Question 12

metabolism

Answer 12

the sum of all the biochemical reactions in organisms

Question 13

catabolic reaction =

Answer 13

exothermic reaction

Question 14

anabolic reaction =

Answer 14

endothermic reactions

Question 15

what is the general equation for an endothermic reaction?

Answer 15

reactants + heat –> product

Question 16

water molecules are very _____

Answer 16

polar

Question 17

water is an amazing…

Answer 17

…solvent

Question 18

acids and bases are ____ compounds, meaning that they have a positive or negative charge

Answer 18

ionic

Question 19

the pH of acids:

Answer 19

0-6

Question 20

the neutral pH (the pH of water)

Answer 20

7

Question 21

the pH of bases:

Answer 21

8-14

Question 22

acids turn litmus paper what color?

Answer 22

acids turn blue litmus paper red

Question 23

bases turn litmus paper what color?

Answer 23

bases turn red litmus paper blue

Question 24

what is polarity

Answer 24

the difference in electrical charge between different parts of the same molecules

Question 25

what is a solution

Answer 25

mixture of 2+ substances that has the same composition throughout

Question 26

what is an ion

Answer 26

electronically charged atom/molecule

Question 27

acidity

Answer 27

the concentration of hydroniums in a solution

Question 28

a solution with lower concentration of hydronium ions than water has a ph ________ than 7

Answer 28

higher