Macromolecules notes Flashcards
What are macromolecules?
Large complex molecules, typically composed of thousands of atoms.
Which four types of macromolecules are essential for life?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
True or False: Proteins are made up of amino acids.
True.
Fill in the blank: The building blocks of carbohydrates are __________.
monosaccharides.
What type of bond links amino acids together in proteins?
Peptide bonds.
Which macromolecule serves as the primary energy source for cells?
Carbohydrates.
True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.
False.
What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
Storing and transmitting genetic information.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a lipid? A) Phospholipid B) Steroid C) Glucose
C) Glucose.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
Fill in the blank: The process of forming polymers from monomers is called __________.
polymerization.
True or False: Enzymes are a type of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions.
True.
What is a glycosidic bond?
A bond that links monosaccharides together to form carbohydrates.
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for cell membrane structure?
Lipids.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) Energy storage B) Catalyzing reactions C) Genetic information
B) Catalyzing reactions.
Fill in the blank: Fatty acids can be classified as __________ or __________ based on their chemical structure.
saturated; unsaturated.
What is the role of ribosomes in cells?
They synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.
True or False: All macromolecules are polymers.
False.
What is the primary structural component of plant cell walls?
Cellulose.
Multiple choice: Which macromolecule is not a polymer? A) Protein B) Lipid C) Nucleic acid
B) Lipid.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its __________.
structure and function.
What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?
Hydrolysis.
True or False: DNA is single-stranded.
False.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Fill in the blank: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide __________.
energy.
What type of macromolecule is insulin?
Protein.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a type of carbohydrate? A) Cholesterol B) Glucose C) DNA
B) Glucose.
