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PKM Biochemistry > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Physiologically important monosaccharides

  1. In cardiac tissue
  2. In proteoglycans
  3. In nucleic acids
A
  1. Lyxose
  2. Neuraminic acid
  3. Ribose
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2
Q

For the following sugars, identify the component sugars and the glycosidic bond.

  1. Maltose
  2. Sucrose
  3. Lactose
A
  1. Glu - Glu; alpha 1-4
  2. Glu - Fru; alpha 1-beta 2
  3. Gal - Glu; beta 1-4
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3
Q

Physiologically important polysaccharide:

Homopolymer of glucose bound in alpha bonds. Source of carbohydrates in potatoes, legumes and vegetables

A

Starch

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4
Q

Physiologically important polysaccharide:

Polysaccharide of fructose.
Used in GFR determination

A

Inulin

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5
Q

Physiologically important polysaccharide:

Chief constituent of plant cell walls.
Glucose units are bound by what kind of glycosidic bonds.

A

Cellulose

beta 1->4

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6
Q

Storage form of high-energy phosphate. Name one example.

A 
Phosphagen.
Creatine phosphate found in:
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Heart
3. Spermatozoa
4. Brain
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7
Q

Most abundant phospholipids of the cell membrane

A

Phosphatidylcholine

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8
Q

Essential fatty acids:

  1. C18:2 (9,12)
  2. C20:4 (5,8,11,14)
  3. C18:3 (9,12,15)
A
  1. Linoleic acid
  2. Arachidonic acid (becomes essential
  3. Linolenic acid
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9
Q

Essential fatty acids:

  1. C18:2 (9,12)
  2. C20:4 (5,8,11,14)
  3. C18:3 (9,12,15)
A
  1. Linoleic acid
  2. Arachidonic acid
  3. Linolenic acid
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10
Q

This fatty acid which may be synthesied from a-linolenic acid or obtained directly from fish oils, is present in high concentrations in retina, cerebral cortex, testis and sperm.

A

Docosahexaenoic acid 22:3 (omega 3 fatty acid)

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11
Q

The receptor for human cholera toxin in the small intestine

A

GM1 ganglioside

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12
Q

Name dicarboxylic acids (C2 - C10).

A

“Oh My, Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet As Sugar!”

Oxalic 
Malonic 
Succinic 
Glutaric 
Adipic 
Pimelic 
Suberic 
Azelaic 
Sebacic
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13
Q

This lipid is an important signaling molecule regulating pathways including apoptosis, cell cycle and differentiation, and senescence.

A

Ceramide

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14
Q

This cerebroside is a major lipid of myelin

A

Galactosylceramide

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15
Q

This cerebroside is the major glycosphingolipid of extraneural tissues.

A

Glucosylceramide

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16
Q

Which type of fatty acid is found in:
A. Butter fat, beef fat, palm oil
B. Olive oil
C. Sunflower oil, corn oil

A

A. Saturated fats
B. Monounsaturated fats
C. Polyunsaturated fats

17
Q

How does hemoglobin act as a buffer?

A

Deoxyhemoglobin can bind one proton for every two O2 molecules released.

18
Q

What is the effect of pH in peripheral tissues on hemoglobin structure and function?

A

Low pH AND carbamination (CO2 attachment to Hb) stabilizes the T form; which enhances delivery.

Remember that the R form has increased affinity for O2. (R = receives O2)

19
Q

What stabilizes the T structure of hemoglobin? Its levels are increased in persons living in high altitudes.

A

2,3-biphosphoglycerate

20
Q

An increase in protons shifts the equilibrium to formation of deoxyhemoglobin.

A

Bohr Effect

21
Q

Sickle cell patients are given hydroxyurea. Why?

A

Increases HbF

22
Q

Most abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

23
Q

Most common form of collagen

A

Type I collagen

24
Q 
Collagen Quiz!
Which type is seen in:
1. Bone
2. Blood vessels
3. Fetal tissue
4. Cartilage
5. Vitreous body
6. Nucleus pulposus
7. Granulation tissue
A
  1. I
  2. III
  3. III
  4. II
  5. II
  6. II
  7. III
25
Q

Collagen type most frequently affected in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Type III

26
Q

Collagen type most frequently affected in Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Type I

27
Q

Collagen type most frequently affected in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Type III

28
Q

Collagen type most frequently affected in Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Type I

PKM Biochemistry (8 decks)

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