Macromolecules

Question 1

fatty, water-insoluble (hydrophobic) molecules that function as stored energy, components of cellular membranes, and hormones

Answer 1

lipids

Question 2

4 categories of lipids

Answer 2

Triglycerides (neutral fats), phospholipids, steroids, and eicosanoids

Question 3

the only category of biological macromolecules that are not polymers

Answer 3

lipids

Question 4

examples of steroids

Answer 4

cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile salts

Question 5

what is a triglyceride composed of

Answer 5

glycerol and 3 fatty acids (hydrocarbon chains)

Question 6

what are phospholipids composed of

Answer 6

phosphate group, glycerol, an organic group, and 2 fatty acids

Question 7

structure of eicosanoids

Answer 7

modified 20 carbon fatty acids

Question 8

most common form of lipid in living things

Answer 8

triglyceride

Question 9

used for long-term energy storage in adipose connective tissue, structural support, cushioning, and insulation

Answer 9

triglyceride

Question 10

what is used to store triglycerides

Answer 10

adipose connective tissue

Question 11

how many attached rings does a steroid have

Answer 11

4 (3 six carbon rings and 1 five carbon ring)

Question 12

4 categories of eicosanoids

Answer 12

prostaglandin, prostacyclin, thromboxane, leukotriene

Question 13

function of eicosanoids

Answer 13

primary function in the inflammatory response of the immune system and communications with the nervous system

Question 14

fat-soluable vitamins

Answer 14

a and e

Question 15

glycolipid structure

Answer 15

lipid molecules with an attached carbohydrate

Question 16

function of glycolipids

Answer 16

cellular recognition to form tissues

Question 17

number of carbon atoms in a carbohydrate

Answer 17

3-7

Question 18

monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 18

monosaccharides

Question 19

most common monosaccharide

Answer 19

glucose

Question 20

primary nutrient in the body

Answer 20

glucose

Question 21

the combining of glucose molecules together to form glycogen

Answer 21

glycogenesis

Question 22

5 carbon monosaccharide examples

Answer 22

ribose and deoxyribose

Question 23

biological macromolecules that store and transfer genetic information

Answer 23

nucleic acids

Question 24

components of a nucleotide monomer

Answer 24

phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base

Question 25

covalent bond between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of another

Answer 25

phosphodiester bond

Question 26

what carbon number is phosphate group attached to

Answer 26

5

Question 27

what carbon number is the nitrogenous base attached to

Answer 27

1

Question 28

name for single ring nitrogenous bases

Answer 28

pyrimidines (C, U and T)

Question 29

name for double ring nitrogenous bases

Answer 29

purines (A and G)

Question 30

proteins functions

Answer 30

catalyst, defense, transport, support, movement, regulation, storage

Question 31

what are proteins composed of

Answer 31

amino acids

Question 32

how many amino acids are there

Answer 32

20

Question 33

amino acid structure

Answer 33

amine group and carboxylic acid group bonded to the same carbon atom, along with a hydrogen the a “R” group

Question 34

a strand of 3 to 20 amino acids

Answer 34

oligopeptide

Question 35

a strand of 21 to 199 amino acids

Answer 35

polypeptides

Question 36

more than 200 amino acids linked together

Answer 36

protein

Question 37

what is the glycocalyx made of

Answer 37

glycoproteins and glycolipids