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Bio > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large, complex molecules composed of smaller molecules

Sugars

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2
Q

Polymer

A

Long molecule made up of many monomers

Can disassemble by hydrolysis (broken apart by water)

Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins

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3
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simplest form

Can be used for fuel

Can convert into other organic molecules

Monomer in polysaccarides

Linear or Ring

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4
Q

Disaccharide

A

Maltose, Sucrose

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5
Q

Polysaccharide Storage

A

Starch- made of glucose monomers, in plants

Glycogen- made of glucose monomers, in animals

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6
Q

Structural Polysaccharides

A

Cellulose- polymer of glucose, in plants, difficult to digest

Chitin- in exoskeleton of anthropods, surgical thread

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7
Q

Lipids

A

Do not consist of polymers

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

Fats

A

One glycerol(sugar) and usu. three fatty acids

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9
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

No double bonds, maximum amount of hydrogen atoms

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10
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

One or more double bonds

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11
Q

Phospholipid

A

Two fatty acids and a phosphate

Results in bilayer found in cell membranes

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12
Q

Cholesterol

A

Steroid

Found in cell membrane

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13
Q

Proteins

A

Consist of one or more polypeptides

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14
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein, catalyst, help to control reactions because we control enzymes

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15
Q

Polypeptide

A

Polymers of amino acids

Linked by peptide bonds

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16
Q

Amino Acids

A

20 different kinds

Differ in residual groups

17
Q

Primary Structure (of protein)

A

Unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

18
Q

Secondary Structure (of protein)

A

Folding/pleating/coiling within the polypeptide

Helix, Pleated Sheet

19
Q

Tertiary Structure (of protein)

A

Overall 3D shape of polypeptide

Result of interactions between amino acids and residual groups

20
Q

Quaternary Structure (of protein)

A

Overall protein structure

Combination of two or more polypeptides

21
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Single improper amino acid substitution in hemoglobin

Changes structure

22
Q

Denaturation

A

When a protein unravels and loses its natural formation

Difficult to get back to original

Temperature and pH denature

23
Q

Combinations of Macromolecules

A

Glycoproteins(glucose + proteins), Lipoproteins(lipid + proteins, move fats around), Glycolipids (glucose + lipids)

24
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Two types- DNA and RNA

Consists of polynucleotides

25
Q

Nucleotides

A

Phospate + sugar + nitrogenous base

Linked by OH- on 3’ side
Linked by the phosphate on 5’ side

26
Q

DNA

A

Double Helix-two polynucleotides that spiral around an imaginary axis

Antiparallel- 3’-5’
5’-3’

Nitrogenous bases use hydrogen bonds (A with T, C with G)

Bio (13 decks)

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